brinzolamide (Azopt)
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Introduction
Tradename: Azopt
Indications
- increased intraocular pressure
- glaucoma (may be used concurrently with other glaucoma medications)
Contraindications
- hypersensitivity to brinzolamide, sulfonamide
Dosage
1 drop in affected eye TID Suspension, ophthalmic 1%, (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL) contains benzalkonium chloride
Storage
Pharmacokinetics
- ophthalmic absorbed systemically
- distributes to erythrocytes
- 1/2life in erythrocytes 111 days
- metabolite N-desmethylbrinzolamide accumulates in erythrocytes
Adverse effects
- not common (1-10%)
- dermatitis, taste disturbance, blurred vision, blepharitis, foreign body senstation eye, eye pain, eye itching dysgeusia, xerophthalmia, headache, hyperemia, ocular discharge, ocular keratitis, rhinitis
- uncommon (< 1%)
- allergic reactions, alopecia, conjunctivitis, diplopia, chest pain, diarrhea, dizziness, xerostomia, dyspnea, dyspepsia, eye fatigue, hypertonia, keratoconjunctivitis, keratopathy, kidney pain, nausea, pharyngitis, tearing, urticaria, eyelid margin crusting or sticky sensation
- other
- dysuria ?, hyperglycemia ?
- acetazolamide, another carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, may be associated with dysuria, hyperglycemia
- dysuria ?, hyperglycemia ?
- drug adverse effects of diuretics
- drug adverse effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor(s)
- drug adverse effects of antihypertensive agents
Drug interactions
- concurrent use of other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- high dose salicylates in combination may result in renal toxicity
- drug interaction(s) SGLT2 inhibitors (flozins) with diuretics
- drug interaction(s) of diuretics in combination with Zn+2
- drug interaction(s) of antiarrhythmic agents in combination with diuretics
- drug interaction(s) of calcium channel blockers with diuretics
- drug interaction(s) of diuretics with angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- drug interaction(s) of diuretics with ACE inhibitors
- drug interaction(s) of NSAIDs, diuretics & angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- drug interaction(s) of NSAIDs, diuretics & ACE inhibitors
- drug interaction(s) of NSAIDs & antihypertensives
Mechanism of action
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
- inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body of the eye decreases aqueous humor production, presumably by reducing formation of bicarbonate with reduction of Na+ & fluid transport, thus reducing intraocular pressure
- intraocular pressure reduction of 4-5 mm Hg when used TID (similar to dorzolamide)[3]
More general terms
Component of
References
- ↑ UpToDate 13.3 http://www.utdol.com LexiComp Drug Information
- ↑ MedlinePlus: Brinzolamide Ophthalmic http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601233.html
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Highlights of Prescribing Information Azopt. (brinzolamide ophthalmic suspension 1%) Alcon. A Novartis Co.