sulfonamide

Introduction

Any drug with a sulfonamide component. There are 3 basic types:

Classification

• sulfonylarylamines,
  • the sulfonamide antibiotics plus some HIV protease inhibitors
  • ~3% of patients report an allergy to sulfa antibiotics.
• nonsulfonylarylamines:
  • loop diuretics, thiazides, sulfonylureas, celecoxib, acetazolamide, etc.
• sulfonamide moieties:
  • contain a sulfa group not directly attached to an aromatic ring like the others
  • sumatriptan, sotalol, topiramate

Adverse effects

• hypersensitivity*
• use during pregnancy associated with birth defects, including:
  • anencephaly
  • left-sided heart defects

* PEN-FAST (SULF-FAST) criteria for predicting sulfonamide hypersensitivity

• allergic event occurred <+ 5 years ago (2 points)
• event was anaphylaxis/angioedema or severe cutaneous adverse reaction (2 points)
• treatment was required for allergic event (1 point)

* a PEN-FAST (SULF-FAST) of <3 associated with <5% risk of hypersensitivity reaction

• a score >= 3 associated with >20% risk of hypersensitivity reaction

• drug adverse effects of sulfonamides

More general terms

• sulfa drug
• amide
• antibacterial agent

More specific terms

• acetazolamide (Diamox)
• benzolamide
• bumetanide (Bumex)
• celecoxib (Celebrex)
• chloramine (chloramine T, sulfonechloramide, Cloraseptine, Chloralone)
• chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
• clopamide (Brinaldix, Aquex)
• dapsone (Avlosulfon)
• dichlorphenamide (Daranide)
• dorzolamide (Trusopt)
• hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, HydroDIURIL, Oretic, Esidrix)
• mafenide (Sulfamylon)
• mefruside (Baycaron)
• methazolamide (Neptazane)
• metolazone (Zaroxolyn, Diulo, Mykrox)
• naratriptan (Amerge)
• probenecid (Benemid, Probalan)
• salicylazosulfapyridine
• sulfabenzamide
• sulfamethizole (Thiosulfil Forte, Tija, Urobiotic)
• sulfanilamide
• sumatriptan (Imitrex, migratriptan, Arcoiran, Sumavel DosePro)
• tipranavir (Aptivus, TPV)
• valdecoxib (Bextra)
• xipamide (Aquaphor, Diurexan)
• zonisamide (Zonegran)

Additional terms

• sulfa allergy