etiology of arterial hypertension
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Etiology
- systolic hypertension with wide pulse pressure
- systolic & diastolic hypertension (increased PVR*)
- renal
- chronic pyelonephritis
- acute & chronic glomerulonephritis
- polycystic renal disease
- renovascular stenosis or renal infarction
- most other chronic renal failure
- poor sleep hygiene due to increased sympathetic activity[5][6]
- endocrine
- neurogenic
- psychogenic
- diencephalic syndrome
- familial dysautosomia (Riley-Day syndrome)
- polyneuritis
- acute porphyria
- lead poisoning
- increased intracranial pressure (acute)
- spinal cord section (acute)
- other
- coarctation of the aorta
- increased intravascular volume
- excessive transfusion
- polycythemia vera
- polyarteritis nodosa
- hypercalcemia
- sleep apnea[7]
- pharmaceutical agents
- over the counter agents
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIDs)[3][4]
- RR= 1.38 (1.26 with aspirin) with frequent use[4]
- antagonism of beta-blockers & Ca+2 channel blockers
- tylenol[3], RR = 1.34 with frequent use
- sympathomimetics in over-the-counter cold remedies
- caffeine ? (see Nurses' Health Study)
- black licorice[7]
- alcoholic beverages
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIDs)[3][4]
- exposure to high levels of aircraft noise at night[9]
- idiopathic
- essential hypertension (> 90% of all cases)
- toxemia of pregnancy
- acute intermittent porphyria
- inflammation ?
- increased C-reactive protein (RR# 2.5)[2]
- diet
- high-salt diet
- potatoes & other foods of high glycemic index[7]
- renal
- expansion of intravascular volume
* peripheral vascular resistance
# relative risk for CRP > 3.5 vs < 0.43 mg/dL
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1994, pg 1117
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Journal Watch 24(3):22, 2004 Sesso HD et al C-reactive protein and the risk of developing hypertension. JAMA 290:2945, 2003 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14665655
Grundy SM et al Inflammation, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome. JAMA 290:3000, 2003 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14665663 - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Prescriber's Letter 12(9): 2005 Non-narcotic Analgesics and the Risk of Hypertension in Women Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=210915&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Forman JP et al, Frequency of analgesic use and risk of hypertension among men. Arch Intern Med 2007, 167:394 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17325302
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Knutson KL et al Association Between Sleep and Blood Pressure in Midlife The CARDIA Sleep Study Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(11):1055-1061 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19506175
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Cappuccio FP et al, Gender-specific associations of short sleep duration with prevalent and incident hypertension: The Whitehall II Study. Hypertension 2007, 50:693 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17785629
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015
- ↑ Borgi L et al. Potato intake and incidence of hypertension: Results from three prospective US cohort studies. BMJ 2016 May 17; 353:i2351. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27189229 Free PMC Article
Harris MF and Laws RA. Are there bad foods or just bad diets? BMJ 2016 May 17; 353:i2442. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27188599 - ↑ 9.0 9.1 Dimakopoulou K, Koutentakis K, Papageorgiou I et al Is aircraft noise exposure associated with cardiovascular disease and hypertension? Results from a cohort study in Athens, Greece. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. June 13, 2017 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28611191 <Internet> http://oem.bmj.com/content/early/2017/05/08/oemed-2016-104180