classification (etiology) of megaloblastic anemia
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Etiology
- vitamin B12 deficiency
- inadequate intake: vegetarians (rare)
- malabsorption:
- inadequate production of intrinsic factor
- pernicious anemia
- gastrectomy
- congenital absence or dysfunction of intrinsic factor (rare)
- disorders of the terminal ileum
- tropical sprue
- non-tropical sprue
- regional enteritis
- intestinal resection
- neoplasms & granulomatous disorders (rare)
- selective cobalamin malabsorption (Imerslund's syndrome) (rare)
- competition for cobalamin
- fish tapeworm
- bacteria: blind loop syndrome
- pharmaceutical agents
- inadequate production of intrinsic factor
- other
- folate deficiency
- adequate intake: unbalanced diet
- alcoholics
- teenagers
- infants
- increased requirements
- pregnancy
- infancy
- malignancy
- increased hematopoiesis (chronic hemolytic anemia)
- chronic exfoliative skin disorders
- hemodialysis
- malabsorption
- tropical sprue
- non-tropical sprue
- pharmaceutical agents:
- impaired metabolism
- inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase
- alcohol
- rare enzymatic deficiencies
- dihydrofolate reductase, others
- adequate intake: unbalanced diet
- other causes
- myelodysplastic syndrome
- drugs that impair DNA metabolism
- metabolic disorders (rare)
- hereditary orotic aciduria
- others
- megaloblastic anemia of unknown etiology
- refractory megaloblastic anemia
- DiGuglielmo's syndrome
- congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 653