pernicious anemia

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Etiology

Epidemiology

  • most common cause of vit B12 deficiency in temperate climates
  • occurs most frequently in patients of northern European descent & African Americans
  • much less common in southern Europeans & Asians
  • men & women equally affected
  • it is a disease of the elderly
    • average age of presentation is 60 years
    • rare in individuals < 30 years of age

Pathology

* pernicious anemia is unusually common in patients with agammaglobulinemia

Genetics

  • relatives of patients with pernicious anemia have an increased incidence of the disease

Clinical manifestations

Laboratory

* antiparietal cell autoantibodies are found in 50% of individuals with gastric atrophy without pernicious anemia

# more specific than antiparietal cell autoantibodies; do not perform anti-intrinsic factor autoantibodies testing for diagnostic purposes[3]

Diagnostic procedures

Complications

Differential diagnosis

Management

More general terms

Additional terms

References

  1. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 655-56
  2. UpToDate 14.1 http://www.utdol.com
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012, 2018,
  4. Lahner E, Annibale B. Pernicious anemia: new insights from a gastroenterological point of view. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Nov 7;15(41):5121-8. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19891010
  5. NEJM Knowledge+ Gastroenterology
  6. 6.0 6.1 Rustgi SD, Bijlani P, Shah SC. Autoimmune gastritis, with or without pernicious anemia: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical management. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2021;14:17562848211038771. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34484423

Patient information

pernicious anemia patient information