glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)
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Function
- derived by cleavage from proglucagon
- GLP-1 is further N-terminally truncated by post-translational processing in intestinal L cells resulting in GLP-1(7-37)
- GLP-1-(7-36)amide the C-terminal amidation is neither important for the metabolism of GLP-1 nor for its effects on the endocrine pancreas
- inhibits glucagon secretion
- regulates gastric motility
- may promote satiety
- stimulates prolideration of pancreatic islet beta cells & prevents their apoptosis in culture
- stimulates glucose-dependent insulin release
- may stimulate glucose clearance in peripheral tissues, independent of the actions of insulin
- may have growth-promoting activities on intestinal epithelium
- may regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) via effects on LH, TSH, CRH, oxytocin, & vasopressin secretion
Expression
- plasma levels of GLP-1 rise coincident with the postprandial increase in plasma glucose
- reciprocal relationship between plasma levels of GLP-1 & glucagon
- GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin & glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the GI tract
- GLP-1 & GLP-2 are also secreted in selected neurons in the brain
- GLP-1 & GLP-2 are induced in response to nutrient ingestion
Pathology
- function may be aberrant in diabetes mellitus type 2[2]
Genetics
- glucagon & glucagon-like peptide-1 are produced by tissue-specific alternative post-translational processing of proglucagon
Pharmacology
- exenatide (Byetta) for treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 stimulates GLP-1 receptors
- dipeptidyl dipeptidase inhibitors inhibit catabolism of GLP1
Pharmacokinetics
- 1/2life is 1-2 minutes
More general terms
Additional terms
- exenatide (Byetta, AC2993, extendin-4, Gilly, Lizzie, Bydureon)
- glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor; GLP-1 receptor; GLP-1-R; GLP-1R (GLP1R)