fibroblast growth factor 21; FGF-21 (FGF21)
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Function
- stimulates glucose uptake in differentiated adipocytes via induction of glucose transporter SLC2A1/GLUT1 expression
- activity requires presence of KLB (coreceptor)[6]
- interacts (via C-terminus) with KLB (beta-klotho)[6]
- interacts with FGFR4
- functions in thymus, in production of T-cells [5]
Structure
- belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family
Compartment
Expression
- expressed by the liver in mice
- expressed by thymic epithelial cells
Pathology
- high plasma FGF21 found in patients with type 2 diabetes
- biomarker of brain aging (positive correlation)
Laboratory
- serum FGF21 may be biomarker for risk of type 2 diabetes
- serum FGF21 is a biomarker of brain aging (positive correlation)
Comparative biology
- secreted by the liver in response to starvation in mice
- inhibition of histone deacetylase 3 stimulates expression of FGF-21 in mice[4]
- increases insulin sensitivity in mice
- inhibits IGF-1 in mice
- stimulates ketone body production in mammals
- transgenic mice overexpressing of FGF21 show increased mean life span in mice (30% males, 40% females) without reducing food intake
- maximum life span also likely increased[3]
- overexpression of FGF21 in mice prevents thymic lipoatrophy[5]
- FGF21 inhibits alcohol drinking by acting on the brain
- beta-klotho is a coreceptor for FGF21 & defects increase appetite of mice for alcohol
More general terms
References
- ↑ UniProt http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9NSA1.html
- ↑ NIEHS-SNPs http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/fgf21/
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mangelsdorf D, Zhang Y, Kliewer S The starvation hormone, fibroblast growth factor-21, extends lifespan in mice. elife. 2012;1:e00065. Epub 2012 Oct 15. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23066506
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Li H et al Sodium butyrate stimulates expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 in liver by inhibition of histone deacetylase 3. Diabetes. 2012 Apr;61(4):797-806. Epub 2012 Feb 14. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22338096
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Xiong A Researchers awarded $10.5 million to study anti-aging hormone. Yale News. Oct 4, 2016 http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2016/10/04/researchers-awarded-10-5-million-to-study-anti-aging-hormone/
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Schumann G, Liu C, O'Reilly P et al. KLB is associated with alcohol drinking, and its gene product beta-Klotho is necessary for FGF21 regulation of alcohol preference. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016 Dec 13; 113:14372. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27911795