histone H2A type 2-A; H2A.2; H2A/o (HIST2H2AA3, H2AFO, HIST2H2AA, HIST2H2AA4)

Function

• core component of nucleosome
• chromatin-associated form is phosphorylated on Thr-121 mitosis (probable)
• deiminated on Arg-4 in granulocytes upon Ca+2 entry
• monoubiquitination of Lys-120 by RING1 & RNF2/RING2 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression & participates in X chromosome inactivation of female mammals
• role in initiation of both imprinted & random X inactivation
• ubiquitinated H2A is enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin
• ubiquitination of H2A functions downstream of methylation of Lys-27 of histone H3
• monoubiquitination of Lys-120 by RNF2/RING2 can be induced by ultraviolet light & may be involved in DNA repair
• following DNA double-strand breaks, ubiquitinated through Lys-63 linkage of ubiquitin moieties by the E2 ligase UBE2N & the E3 ligases RNF8 & RNF168, leading to recruitment of DNA repair proteins to sites of DNA damage
• monoubiquitination & ionizing radiation-induced Lys-63 linked ubiquitination are distinct events
• phosphorylation on Ser-2 is enhanced during mitosis
• phosphorylation on Ser-2 by RPS6KA5/MSK1 directly represses transcription
• acetylation of H3 inhibits Ser-2 phosphorylation by RPS6KA5/MSK1
• symmetric dimethylation on Arg-4 by the PRDM1/PRMT5 complex may play a role in the germ-cell lineage (putative)

Structure

belongs to the histone H2A family

Compartment

nucleus

More general terms

• histone-H2A
• phosphoprotein

Database

• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=723790
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=8337
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:723790
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:8337
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/142720
• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q6FI13.html