matrix metalloproteinase-9 (matrixin-9, 92 kD gelatinase, gelatinase-B, MMP9, CLG4B)
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Function
- role in local proteolysis of the extracellular matrix & in leukocyte migration
- monomer, disulfide-linked homodimer, & heterodimer with a 25 kD protein
- substrates:
- collagen-4 & collagen-5
- gelatin types 1 & 5
- elastin
- laminin
- pro-TNF-alpha
- amyloid A4 peptide
- TGF-beta
- inhibited by histatin-3 1/24 (histatin-5)
- processing of the precursor yields different active forms of 64, 67 & 82 kD
- sequentially processing by MMP3 yields the 82 kD matrix metalloproteinase-9
- S-nitrosylation activated MMP9 in vitro & induced neuronal apoptosis[5]
Compartment
Expression
- alveolar macrophages; macrophages & transformed cell lines produce only the monomeric form
- granulocytes
- activated by 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate & phorbol ester
Pathology
- polymorphism in promoter region of gene associated with severity of atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease & possibly development of pulmonary emphysema in smokers
- elevated in stroke
- elevated in CSF in multiple sclerosis
- elevated levels in synovial fluid of arthritis patients
- may contribute to the pathogenesis of joint destruction
- may be useful marker of disease status
- elevated in asthma
Laboratory
More general terms
References
- ↑ Selkoe DJ. Clearing the brain's amyloid cobwebs. Neuron. 2001 Oct 25;32(2):177-80. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11683988
- ↑ UniProt http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P14780.html
- ↑ OMIM https://mirror.omim.org/entry/120361
- ↑ Chang C, Werb Z. The many faces of metalloproteases: cell growth, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Trends Cell Biol. 2001 Nov;11(11):S37-43. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11684441
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gu Z, Kaul M, Yan B, Kridel SJ, Cui J, Strongin A, Smith JW, Liddington RC, Lipton SA. S-nitrosylation of matrix metalloproteinases: signaling pathway to neuronal cell death. Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1186-90. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183632
- ↑ Atlas of genetics & cytogenetics in oncology & haematology http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/genes/MMP9ID41408ch20q11.html
- ↑ SeattleSNPs http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/mmp9/