tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2; cachectin (TNF, TNFA, TNFSF2)
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Function
- cytokine
- binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 & TNFRSF1B/TNFBR
- can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines
- potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion
- implicated in the induction of cachexia
- under certain conditions, can stimulate cell proliferation & induce cell differentiation
- the membrane form, but not the soluble form, is phosphorylated on Ser
- dephosphorylation of the membrane form occurs by binding to soluble TNFRSF1A/TNFR1
- the soluble form derives from the membrane form by proteolytic processing
- the membrane-bound form undergoes intramembrane proteolytic cleavage
- the membrane-bound form is proteolytically processed by SPPL2A or SPPL2B through regulated intramembrane proteolysis producing a TNF intracellular domain (ICD) released in the cytosol for signaling to the nucleus & a TNF C-domain secreted into the extracellular space
Structure
- homotrimer
- O-glycosylated
- belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family
Compartment
- cell membrane, single-pass type 2 membrane protein
- soluble form: secreted
Expression
- mainly expressed & secreted by macrophages
Polymorphism
- polymorphisms in TNF influence susceptibility to hepatitis B infection
- polymorphisms in TNF are involved in susceptibility to malaria
- polymorphisms in TNF are a cause of susceptibility psoriatic arthritis
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ UniProt http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01375.html
- ↑ Wikipedia; Note: tumor necrosis factor alpha entry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/tumor_necrosis_factor-alpha
- ↑ Atlas of Genetics & Cytogenetics in Oncology & Haematology http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/genes/TNFaID319.html
- ↑ NIEHS-SNPs http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/tnf/
- ↑ SeattleSNPs http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/tnf/
- ↑ SHMPD; Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database http://shmpd.bii.a-star.edu.sg/gene.php?genestart=A&genename=TNF
- ↑ Henderson B & Blake S Therapeutic potential of cytokine manipulation TIPS 13:145 1992 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1589908
- ↑ Leung L, Cahill CM. TNF-alpha and neuropathic pain--a review. J Neuroinflammation. 2010 Apr 16;7:27 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20398373
Database
- Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=7124
- Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:7124
- OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/191160
- OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/607507
- OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/610424
- OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/611162
- UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01375.html