phosphorylated tau in serum/plasma
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Reference interval
- plasma p-tau217:
- normal < 0.159 ng/L
- gray zone is 0.159-0.219 ng/L
- abnormal > 0.219 ng/L
Clinical significance
- serum phosphorylated tau181 increased 3.5 fold in Alzheimer's disease
- distinguishes from frontotemporal dementia[1][9]
- plasma phosphorylated-tau217 (p-tau217) or plasma phosphorylated-tau181 (p-tau181) able to discriminate Alzheimer disease from other neurodegenerative diseases[2][12]
- distinguishes from frontotemporal dementia[9]
- longitudinal increase in plasma phosphorylated-tau217 may predict development of Alzheimer's disease[4]
- plasma p-tau217 accurately identifies tau pathological brain changes in Down syndrome[10]
- plasma p-tau217 levels are increased in early preclinical stages of AD when insoluble tau aggregates are not yet detectable by tau-PET[6][8]
- plasma p-tau181 predicts future dementia[5]
- preoperative plasma tau-p217 & plasma tau-p181 are associated with postoperative delirium, with plasma tau-p217 the stronger indicator[11]
- plasma P-tau217 predicts cognitive decline in patients with preclinical AD[13]
- higher plasma ptau181 is associated with risk for cardiovascular disease, mortality from heart failure, & kidney disease[14]
- plasma p-tau217 outperforms plasma p-tau181 & plasma p-tau231 & other plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in identifying which patients may benefit from an anti-beta-amyloid anti-Alzheimer monoclonal antibody[15]
- plasma p-tau217 is strongly associated with amyloid-beta positivity
- plasma p-tau217 classified into 3 categories, normal, gray zone, abnormal
- gray zone is defined by a low cutoff of 0.159 ng/L & high cutoff of 0.219 ng/L
- gray zone plasma p-tau217 is associated with likelihood of benefit from anti-beta-amyloid anti-Alzheimer monoclonal antibody, with sensitivity of 94% & specificity of 86%[15]
- plasma p-tau217 may obviate the need for CSF testing or amyloid PET[15]
Notes
- may serve as basis of a profitable direct-to-consumer (DTC) test[7]
More general terms
More specific terms
- phosphorylated tau(Thr)181 in serum/plasma (plasma ptau181)
- phosphorylated tau(Thr)217 in serum/plasma (plasma ptau217)
- phosphorylated tau231 in serum/plasma
Additional terms
Component of
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Thijssen EH, La Joie R, Wolf A et al Diagnostic value of plasma phosphorylated tau181 in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Nature Medicine 2020. March 2 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32123386 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0762-2
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Palmqvist S, Janelidze S, Quiroz YT et al Discriminative Accuracy of Plasma Phospho-tau217 for Alzheimer Disease vs Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. JAMA. Published online July 28, 2020 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32722745 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2768841
- ↑ Barthelemy NR, Horie K, Sato C Blood plasma phosphorylated-tau isoforms track CNS change in Alzheimer's disease. J Exp Med (2020) 217 (11): e20200861 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32725127 https://rupress.org/jem/article/217/11/e20200861/151982/Blood-plasma-phosphorylated-tau-isoforms-track-CNS
- ↑ Mattsson-Carlgren N et al. Longitudinal plasma p-tau217 is increased in early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2020 Dec 5; 143:3234. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33068398 Free PMC article https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/143/11/3234/5929275
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 George J Alzheimer's Blood Test Predicts Pathology - -tau181: "an important advance that could transform the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease" MedPage Today January 6, 2021 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/90555
Karikari TK, Pascoal TA, Ashton NJ et al Blood phosphorylated tau 181 as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease: a diagnostic performance and prediction modelling study using data from four prospective cohorts Lancet Neurol. 2020 May;19(5):422-433. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32333900 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(20)30071-5/fulltext
Karikari TK, Benedet AL, Ashton NJ et al Diagnostic performance and prediction of clinical progression of plasma phospho-tau181 in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Mol Psychiatry. 2020 Oct 26. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33106600 - ↑ 6.0 6.1 Janelidze S, Berron D, Smith R et al Associations of Plasma Phospho-Tau217 Levels With Tau Positron Emission Tomography in Early Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol. 2021;78(2):149-156 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33165506 PMCID: PMC7653537 Free PMC article https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2772866
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Largent EA, Wexler A, Karlawish J The Future Is P-Tau - Anticipating Direct-to-Consumer Alzheimer Disease Blood Tests. JAMA Neurol. 2021;78(4):379-380 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33393982 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2774173
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Pereira JB et al. Plasma markers predict changes in amyloid, tau, atrophy and cognition in non-demented subjects. Brain 2021 Jun 2; [e-pub]. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34077494 https://academic.oup.com/brain/advance-article/doi/10.1093/brain/awab163/6291241
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 George J Blood Test Discerns Alzheimer's From Other Dementia With High Accuracy. Plasma p-tau moves another step closer to clinical use. MedPage Today August 23, 2021 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/94177
Thijssen EH, La Joie R, Strom A et al Plasma phosphorylated tau 217 and phosphorylated tau 181 as biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a retrospective diagnostic performance study. Lancet Neurol 2021 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34418401 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(21)00214-3/fulltext
Parnetti L, Di Filippo M, Gaetani L et al A blood test for Alzheimer's disease: a step forward. Lancet Neurol 2021. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34418386 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(21)00254-4/fulltext
Thijssen EH, La Joie R, Wolf A et al Diagnostic value of plasma phosphorylated tau181 in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Nature Medicine 2020. March 2 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32123386 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0762-2 - ↑ 10.0 10.1 Janelidze S, Christian BT, Price J et al Detection of Brain Tau Pathology in Down Syndrome Using Plasma Biomarkers. JAMA Neurol. Published online July 5, 2022 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35789365 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2793702
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Liang F, Baldyga K, Quan Q et al Preoperative Plasma Tau-PT217 and Tau-PT181 Are Associated With Postoperative Delirium Annals of Surgery. 2022 July 6 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35794069 https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Abstract/9900/Preoperative_Plasma_Tau_PT217_and_Tau_PT181_Are.70.aspx
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Morrison MS et al. Antemortem plasma phosphorylated tau (181) predicts Alzheimer's disease neuropathology and regional tau at autopsy. Brain 2022 May 13; [e-pub] PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35554506 https://academic.oup.com/brain/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/brain/awac175/6585495
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 George J Blood Test Predicts Which People With Amyloid Are Likely to Decline Cognitively. Plasma p-tau217 outperformed other preclinical Alzheimer's measures. MedPage Today February 6, 2023 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/102970
Mattsson-Carlgren N, Salvado G, Ashton NJ et al Prediction of Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Using Plasma Biomarkers. JAMA Neurol. Published online February 6, 2023 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36745413 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2801289 - ↑ 14.0 14.1 Dark HE, Paterson C, Daya GN et al Proteomic Indicators of Health Predict Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker Levels and Dementia Risk. Ann Neurol. 2023. Oct 6. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37801487 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ana.26817
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 George J Alzheimer's Blood Test Predicts Who Might Benefit Most From Anti-Amyloid Drugs. Novel two-cutoff approach may reduce need for confirmatory PET scans. MedPage Today December 5, 2023 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/107691
Mattsson-Carlgren N, Collij LE, Stomrud E et al Plasma Biomarker Strategy for Selecting Patients With Alzheimer Disease for Antiamyloid Immunotherapies. JAMA Neurol. Published online December 4, 2023. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38048096 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/2812432 - ↑ Mielke MM, Dage JL, Frank RD et al Performance of plasma phosphorylated tau 181 and 217 in the community. Nat Med. 2022 Jul;28(7):1398-1405. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35618838 PMCID: PMC9329262 Free PMC article.