sodium (Na+) in serum
Indications
- assessing acid-base balance, water balance, water intoxication, & dehydration
- evaluation of hyponatremia
- evaluation of hypernatremia
Reference interval
- Male & Female: 136 - 146 mmol/L
Principle
- See sodium (Na+) in body fluid
Clinical significance
Sodium is the primary extracellular cation.
The amount of sodium in the body is a reflection of the balance between sodium intake & output.
* middle-age serum sodium > 142 mmol/l may increase risk of biological aging, development of chronic diseases & death at a younger age[12]
Increases
- see hypernatremia
- pharmaceutical agents:
Decreases
- see hyponatremia
- hyperglycemia or other osmotically active substance
- pregnancy be asspcoated with mild hyponatremia due to changes in ADH response to osmolality[13]
- pharmaceutical agents:
- in vivo effects
Specimen
No special patient preparation is required.
Serum preparation: collect whole blood & allow to clot according to manufacturer's instructions. Specimens are collected in a red top vacutainer by venipuncture & should be separated immediately from the cells after collection.
Heparin may be used as an anticoagulant for plasma specimens, although sodium heparin will increase the measured sodium value by approximately 0.5 mmol/L. Do not use potassium oxalate/sodium fluoride anticoagulants.
Minimum sample size 0.5 milliliter: with an optimum size of 1.0 milliliters or larger.
More general terms
Additional terms
Component of
- chemistry 7 panel (Chem-7 SMA7)
- chemistry 8 panel (basic metabolic panel, BMP, basic chemistry panel)
- chemistry 8 panel with ionized calcium; basic metabolic panel (BMP) with ionized calcium
- chemistry 14 panel (comprehensive metabolic panel, CMP, chem 12, SMA12, SMA20)
- electrolytes in CSF
- electrolytes in serum
- sodium/potassium in serum/plasma
- calcium/sodium in serum/plasma
- sodium (Na+) & potassium (K+) in serum
References
- ↑ Kodak Ektachem 700 Analyzer Operator's Manual, Kodak Clinical Products, Rochester, New York.
- ↑ Kodak Ektachem Clinical Slide Package Insert, Kodak Clinical Products, Rochester, New York.
- ↑ Kodak Ektachem Clinical Training Manual, Kodak Clinical Products, Rochester, New York.
- ↑ Tietz, N. W.: Electrolytes, in Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., p. 1845, 1986.
- ↑ Sodium, Serum or Plasma Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0020001.jsp
- ↑ Panel of 11 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0020144.jsp
- ↑ Panel of 9 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0020399.jsp
- ↑ Panel of 15 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0020408.jsp
- ↑ Panel of 5 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0020410.jsp
- ↑ Sterns RH. Disorders of plasma sodium--causes, consequences, and correction. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 1;372(1):55-65. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25551526
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Dmitrieva NI, Gagarin A, Liu D et al Middle-age high normal serum sodium as a risk factor for accelerated biological aging, chronic diseases, and premature mortality. eBioMedicine. January 02, 2023 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(22)00586-2/fulltext
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19 Board Basics. An Enhancement to MKSAP19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2022
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 NEJM Knowledge+