fluid imbalance; water imbalance

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Etiology

Water balance is regulated by:

Daily fluid requirements are generally:

↑ Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 599
↑ Geriatrics Review Syllabus, American Geriatrics Society, 5th edition, 2002-2004
Geriatric Review Syllabus, 8th edition (GRS8) Durso SC and Sullivan GN (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2013
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Adler SM1, Verbalis JG. Disorders of body water homeostasis in critical illness. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2006 Dec;35(4):873-94 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17127152
↑ Cowen LE, Hodak SP, Verbalis JG. Age-associated abnormalities of water homeostasis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2013 Jun;42(2):349-70 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23702406
Hodak SP, Verbalis JG. Abnormalities of water homeostasis in aging. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2005 Dec;34(4):1031-46, PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16310637
↑ Monitoring modalities and assessment of fluid status: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. ngc-guideline: http://www.guideline.gov/content.aspx?id=51234