chloroquine [chloroquine phosphate] (Aralen, Atabrine, Artrichin, Nivaquine, Cisplaquin, Quingamine, Avoclor, Chingaminum)

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Introduction

Tradename: Aralen, Atabrine. (chloroquine phosphate).

prophylaxis for malaria
treatment of uncomplicated, mild to moderate malaria
extraintestinal amebiasis
rheumatoid arthritis Contrandications:
- appears to have activity against SARS CoV2 (COVID-19) in vitro^[4] but is associated with higher in hospital mortality, QT prolongation & ventricular arrhythmias in patients with COVID-19
- FDA rescinded emergency use authorization of chloroquine to treat COVID-19 patients^[7]

malarial prophylaxis:
- 8 mg/kg up to 500 mg PO weekly
- 300 mg weekly^[2]
- from 1 week before exposure to 4 weeks post exposure
malarial treatment:
- adults:
  - loading dose: 1000 mg chloroquine phosphate, 600 mg (base)
  - 500 mg chloroquine phosphate, 300 mg (base) after 6 hours
  - 500 mg chloroquine phosphate. 300 mg (base) QD for 2 days
- children
  - loading dose: 10 mg/kg up to 600 mg (base)
  - 5 mg/kg up to 300 mg after 6 hours
  - 5 mg/kg up to 300 mg QD for 2 days
rheumatoid arthritis: 250 mg (150 mg base) mg PO QD
extraintestinal amebiasis
- adults:
  - loading dose: 1000 mg chloroquine phosphate, 600 mg (base)
  - 500 mg chloroquine phosphate, 300 mg (base) PO QD for 2-3 weeks
- children: 10 mg/kg (base) up to 300 mg PO QD for 2-3 weeks

500 mg choroquine phosphate (300 mg base)
- EC90 value of chloroquine against SARS CoV2 is 6.90 uM, achievable with oral dose of 500 mg chloroquine phosphate (300 mg base)^[4], but contraindicated for treatment of COVID-19

Tabs: chloroquine phosphate 250 chloroquine phosphate (150 mg base) & 500 mg (300 mg base).

ophthalmologic examination recommended prior to therapy & every 6 months with continued therapy
liver function tests (LFTs)

↑ The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug Formulary, 1998
↑ Deprecated Reference
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L et al Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. 2020 Mar;30(3):269-271. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32020029 Free PMC Article
↑ Prescriber's Digital Referenc Chloroquine phosphate - Drug Summary https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Chloroquine-Phosphate-chloroquine-phosphate-3418
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Mehra MR, Desai SS, Ruschitzka F, Patel AN Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis. Lancet. May 22, 2020 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32450107 Free PMC article https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31180-6/fulltext * authors associated with Surgisphere implicated in false data *
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 FDA News Release June 15, 2020 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Revokes Emergency Use Authorization for Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-revokes-emergency-use-authorization-chloroquine-and