prophylaxis for malaria
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Management
- wear protective clothing
- use insect repellant (DEET)
- stay in screened areas from dusk til dawn
- sleep with bed netting, preferably permethrin-treated
- endemic areas with chloroquine-resistant P falciparum
- mefloquine
- Malarone (atovaquone 250mg & proguanil 100mg)
- areas of mefloquine resistance
- 1 tab QD
- start 2 days before travel, continue for 1 week after return
- areas of mefloquine resistance
- doxycycline
- areas of mefloquine resistance
- 100 mg QD
- start 2 days before travel, continue for 4 weeks after return
- areas of mefloquine resistance
- endemic areas with chloroquine-sensitive P falciparum
- chloroquine (Nivaquine or Avloclor)
- 500 mg weekly
- start one week before travel, continue for four weeks after return
- Mexico, Central America, Bolivia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Carribean (Haiti, Dominican Republic)[2], Middle East bordering Mediterranean Sea[3]
- hydroxychloroquine (Nivaquine or Avloclor)
- 500 mg weekly
- start one week before travel, continue for four weeks after return
- primaquine
- 26.3 mg QD
- start 1-2 days before travel, continue for 1 week after return
- mefloquine, Malarone, doxycycline (alternatives, schedule as above)
- chloroquine (Nivaquine or Avloclor)
- endemic areas with P vivax
- primaquine
- 52.6 mg QD
- start 1-2 days before travel, continue for 1 week after return
- chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, mefloquine, Malarone, doxycycline (alternatives, schedule as above)
- primaquine
- take antimalarials preferably with or after a meal
- check with CDC regarding resistance patterns with different areas of travel[4]
- among Ethiopian children
- monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine + amodiaquine for seasonal malaria chemoprevention[4]
- addition of azithromycin does not reduce mortality or hospital admission[4]
- monoclonal antibody CIS43LS provides prophylaxis vs Plasmodium falciparum over a 6-month malaria season
- P falciparum infection detected in 18% who received a 40-mg/kg dose of CIS43LS vs 78% who received placebo
- CIS43LS targets the P falciparum circumsporozoite protein expressed on the surface of sporozoites, the parasite stage transmitted by mosquitoes to humans
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 14, 16, 17. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2006, 2012, 2015
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Schlagenhauf P, Petersen E. Malaria chemoprophylaxis: strategies for risk groups. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2008 Jul;21(3):466-72 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18625682
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Freedman DO Clinical practice. Malaria prevention in short-term travelers. N Engl J Med. 2008 Aug 7;359(6):603-12 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687641
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Chandramohan D et al Effect of Adding Azithromycin to Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:2197-2206. June 6, 2019 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30699301 Free full text https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1811400
Keenan JD et al Longer-Term Assessment of Azithromycin for Reducing Childhood Mortality in Africa. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:2207-2214. June 6, 2019 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31167050 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1817213 Bar-Zeev N et al Hope and Humility for Azithromycin. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:2264-2265. June 6, 2019 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31167057 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1906459 - ↑ Hein I Monoclonal Antibody Shows Protection Against Malaria. But is intravenous administration going to get in the way? MedPage Today October 31, 2022 https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/astmh/101512
- ↑ Centers for Disease Control: Malaria prevention http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/control_prevention/prevention.htm
- ↑ The Travel Doctor: Malaria Information Page http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/malaria.htm