prochlorperazine (Compazine, Stemetil, Novamin, Buccastem)
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Introduction
Tradename: Compazine.
Indications
- severe nausea & vomiting (no better than placebo[5])
- NOT effective in preventing vertigo or motion sickness or management of emesis caused by action of drugs on the nodose ganglion
- anxiety[6]
- schizophrenia[6]
Contraindications
- children < 2 years of age
Dosage
Tabs: 5, 10, 25 mg.
Suppositories: 2.5, 5, 25 mg.
Injection: 5 mg/mL (2 mL, 10 mL).
Sustained-release: (Compazine spansules)
- 10 mg PO every 12 hours.
- Tabs: 10, 15, 30 mg.
Pharmacokinetics
- onset of action:
- duration of action: 3-4 hours
- eliminated primarily by hepatic metabolism & biliary secretion
elimination via liver
elimination via kidney
Adverse effects
- common (> 10%)
- less common (1-10%)
- difficulty urinating, photosensitivity, rash, changes in menstrual cycle, sexual dysfunction, breast pain, weight gain, dizziness, nausea/vomiting, epigastric pain, trembling of fingers
- uncommon (< 1%)
- leukopenia, agranulocytosis, hepatotoxicity, cholestatic jaundice, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, priapism, blue-gray discoloration of skin, impaired temperature regulation, galactorrhea, changes in cornea & lens
- other
- shares toxic potential of other phenothiazines, extrapyramidal reactions common
- lowering of seizure threshold
- hypersensitivity
- anticholinergic effects
- dry mouth
- mydriasis
- decreased GI motility
- drug adverse effects of dopaminergic receptor antagonists
- drug adverse effects of antihypertensive agents
Mechanism of action
- directly effects the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the area postrema
More general terms
Additional terms
Component of
References
- ↑ The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
- ↑ AHFS 96 Drug Information, GK McEnvoy et al (ed), American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD 1996, pg 2135
- ↑ Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al eds, 1998
- ↑ Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug Formulary, 1998
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Braude D, Soliz T, Crandall C, Hendey G, Andrews J, Weichenthal L. Antiemetics in the ED: a randomized controlled trial comparing 3 common agents. Am J Emerg Med. 2006 Mar;24(2):177-82. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16490647
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Deprecated Reference
Database
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=4917
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=66010
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=125791
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=91499
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5281032
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=517650
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=94252