dystonia

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Introduction

Involuntary, sustained or intermittent slow muscle contractions of opposing muscles resulting in repetitive movements or abnormal posture.[6]

Etiology

Epidemiology

  • more common in younger patients (drug-induced)

Genetics

Clinical manifestations

Laboratory

Differential diagnosis

Management

More general terms

More specific terms

Additional terms

References

  1. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Companion Handbook, Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1995, pg 39
  2. Harrison's Online, McGraw-Hill, 2002
  3. Geriatrics Review Syllabus, American Geriatrics Society, 5th edition, 2002-2004
  4. Bronstein J, In: Intensive Course in Geriatric Medicine & Board Review, Marina Del Ray, CA, Sept 29-Oct 2, 2004
  5. Kupsch A et al for the Deep-Brain Stimulation for Dystonia Study Group. Pallidal deep-brain stimulation in primary generalized or segmental dystonia, N Engl J Med 2006, 355:1978 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17093249
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018, 2021.
    Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19 Board Basics. An Enhancement to MKSAP19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2022
  7. Tarsy D, Simon DK. Dystonia. N Engl J Med. 2006 Aug 24;355(8):818-29. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16928997
  8. Robottom BJ, Weiner WJ, Comella CL. Early-onset primary dystonia. Handb Clin Neurol. 2011;100:465-79 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21496603
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Lutsep HL Fast Five Quiz: Movement Disorders. Medscape 2021. July 8 https://reference.medscape.com/viewarticle/954124
  10. Moberg-Wolff EA, Kishner S. Dystonias Medscape. Aug 5, 2020 https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/312648-overview
  11. The Dystonias Fact Sheet https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Dystonias-Fact-Sheet
  12. NINDS Dystonias Information Page https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Dystonias-Information-Page

Patient information

dystonia patient information

Database