advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) pigment
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Introduction
Products formed from non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins initially via the Maillard reaction. Lipid peroxidation is postulated to further contribute to the formation of the AGE pigment. There exists an AGE receptor (AGER) that also binds the amyloid beta peptide.
Structure
- AGE pigments consist of a heterogeneous group of structures including pyrraline, pentosidine, 2-furoyl-4(5)-[2-furanyl]-1-H-imidazole (FFI), 1-alkyl-2-formyl-3,4-diglycosyl-pyrroles (AFGP), carboxy-methyl-lysine.
Pathology
- AGE pigments accumulate in vascular tissue in aging & at an accelerated rate in diabetes
- dietary AGE pigments may play a role in:[3]
- increased serum inflammatory cytokines
- cardiovascular disease
- complications in diabetes mellitus
- Alzheimer's disease
- AGE-RAGE markers in plasma linked with dementia at baseline, but not with the onset of dementia during follow-up[6]
Notes
- dietary AGE pigments form easily & in abundance in the presence of heat
- high-protein foods seem to form more AGE pigment.[3]
- 2/3 of orally absorbed dietary AGE pigements (10% of amount ingested) is retained in tissues in bioactive form
More general terms
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References
- ↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998
- ↑ Sasaki N, Fukatsu R, Tsuzuki K, Hayashi Y, Yoshida T, Fujii N, Koike T, Wakayama I, Yanagihara R, Garruto R, Amano N, Makita Z. Advanced glycation end products in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Am J Pathol. 1998 Oct;153(4):1149-55. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9777946
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Journal Watch 23(1):9, 2003 Vlassara H1, Cai W, Crandall J et al, Inflammatory mediators are induced by dietary glycotoxins, a major risk factor for diabetic angiopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jan 21;100(2):763. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12429856
- ↑ Semba RD, Nicklett EJ, Ferrucci L. Does accumulation of advanced glycation end products contribute to the aging phenotype? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010 Sep;65(9):963-75. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20478906
- ↑ Uribarri J, Cai W, Ramdas M et al Restriction of advanced glycation end products improves insulin resistance in human type 2 diabetes: potential role of AGER1 and SIRT1. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jul;34(7):1610-6. doi:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.2337/dc11-0091. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21709297
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Tumolo J Advanced Glycation End Products, Receptors Linked With Dementia. Annals of Long-Term Care. January 22, 2021 https://www.managedhealthcareconnect.com/content/advanced-glycation-end-products-receptors-linked-dementia
Chen J, Mooldijk SS, Licher S, et al. Assessment of Advanced Glycation End Products and Receptors and the Risk of Dementia. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(1):e2033012. Published 2021 Jan 4 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33416887 PMCID: PMC7794665 Free PMC article https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7794665/