interstitial nephritis

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Etiology

acute interstitial nephritis
analgesic nephropathy (NSAIDs)*
papillary necrosis
toxin- & electrolyte-induced interstitial nephritis
- uric acid nephropathy*
- hypercalcemia
- hypokalemia
- hyperoxaluria
  - ethylene glycol
  - methoxyflurane
  - high doses of ascorbic acid
  - vitamin B6 deficiency
  - excessive gut absorption in patients with steatorrhea
- cystinosis
- heavy metals*#
  - lead
  - cadmium
  - mercury
- pharmaceutical agents*#
  - cyclosporine
  - some antibiotics
  - mesalamine^[5]
  - radiographic contrast media
- plastics
- pigments
- glass
- electrical equipment manufacturing
- some cigarettes
- aristolochic acid nephropathy from ingestion of Chinese herb toxin^[5]
other disease associations
- glomerular injury
  - lupus nephritis
  - mixed cryoglobulinemia
  - hypertension
  - diabetes mellitus
  - Sjogren's syndrome
  - Alport's syndrome
  - amyloidosis, including myeloma*
  - Fabry's disease
  - glomerulonephritis (in general)
- Balkan nephropathy (associated with increased incidence of urogenital tumors
- granulomatous nephropathy
  - tuberculosis
  - sarcoidosis
- neoplasia
  - lymphoma
  - leukemia
- immune disorders
- vascular disorders
  - arteriolar nephrosclerosis
  - atheroembolic disease
  - sickle cell trait/disease
  - acute tubular necrosis*#
- hereditary disorders
  - medullary cystic & medullary sponge disease
  - polycystic kidney disease
- infectious: acute*# & chronic pyelonephritis
- chronic urinary tract obstruction (obstructive uropathy)
- vesiculoureteral reflux*
- radiation nephritis

* common, 10 days of NSAID therapy prior to interstitial nephritis^[7]

# acute

More general terms

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Additional terms

hyperoxaluria

References

↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Companion Handbook, Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1995, pg 829-39
↑ Manual of Medical Therapeutics, 28th ed, Ewald & McKenzie (eds), Little, Brown & Co, Boston, 1995, pg 266
↑ Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 612
↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1994, pg 1314
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015, 2018, 2021.
↑ Zhang P, Cornell LD. IgG4-Related Tubulointerstitial Nephritis. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2017 Mar;24(2):94-100. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28284385
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 NEJM Knowledge+

[ref1-1] Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Companion Handbook, Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1995, pg 829-39

[ref2-2] Manual of Medical Therapeutics, 28th ed, Ewald & McKenzie (eds), Little, Brown & Co, Boston, 1995, pg 266

[ref3-3] Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 612

[ref4-4] Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1994, pg 1314

[ref5-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015, 2018, 2021.

[ref6-6] Zhang P, Cornell LD. IgG4-Related Tubulointerstitial Nephritis. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2017 Mar;24(2):94-100. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28284385

[ref7-7] 7.0 ^7.1 NEJM Knowledge+

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interstitial nephritis

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