histone H3.1t; histone-H3.4; H3 histone family, member t; H3t; H3/t; H3/g (HIST3H3, H3FT)
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Function
- core component of nucleosome
- acetylation is generally linked to gene activation
- acetylation on Lys-10 impairs methylation at Arg-9
- acetylation on Lys-19 & Lys-24 favors methylation at Arg-18 (putative)
- citrullination at Arg-9 &/or Arg-18 by PADI4 impairs methylation & represses transcription (putative)
- asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-18 by CARM1 is linked to gene activation
- symmetric dimethylation at Arg-9 by PRMT5 is linked to gene repression (putative)
- methylation at Lys-5, Lys-37 & Lys-80 are linked to gene activation
- methylation at Lys-5 facilitates subsequent acetylation of histone H3 & histone H4
- methylation at Lys-80 is associated with DNA double-strand break responses & is a specific target for TP53BP1
- methylation at Lys-10 & Lys-28 are linked to gene repression
- methylation at Lys-10 is a specific target for HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 & CBX5) & prevents subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-11 & acetylation of histone H3 & histone H4
- methylation at Lys-5 & Lys-80 require preliminary monoubiquitination of H2B at Lys-120
- methylation at Lys-10 & Lys-28 are enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin
- phosphorylated at Thr-4 by GSG2/haspin during prophase & dephosphorylated during anaphase
- at centromeres, specifically phosphorylated at Thr-12 from prophase to early anaphase
- phosphorylated at Ser-11 during the whole mitosis
- phosphorylation at Ser-11, linked to gene activation, prevents methylation at Lys-10 but facilitates acetylation of histone H3 & histone H4
- phosphorylated at Ser-29 by MLTK isoform 1, RPS6KA5 or AURKB during mitosis or upon ultraviolet B irradiation (putative)
- phosphorylation at Ser-11 is crucial for chromosome condensation & cell-cycle progression during mitosis & meiosis
- phosphorylation at Ser-11 enables transcription of genes during interphase following external stimulation (stress, growth factors)
- phosphorylation at Ser-11 is also an essential regulatory mechanism for neoplastic cell transformation
- phosphorylation at Ser-11 by AURKB/Aurora-B mediates dissociation of HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 & CBX5) from heterochromatin
- ubiquitinated (putative)
Structure
belongs to the histone H3 family
Compartment
Expression
- expressed in testicular cells
- expressed during S phase
- expression strongly decreases as cell division slows down during the process of differentiation