microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
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Etiology
- thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
- disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- intravascular prosthetic devices
- malignant hypertension
- preeclampsia, eclampsia & HELLP syndrome[3]
- pulmonary hypertension
- renal disease
- autoimmune disease, vasculitis & connective tissue diseases
- carcinomas
- hemangiomas
- cardiac neoplasms[1]
- rupture chordae tendinae
- Kasabach-Merritt syndrome
- infections
- viral infections (epecially HIV)
- bacterial infections
- drugs:
- mytomycin C, cyclosporine
- calcineurin inhibitors
- organ transplantation[3]
- bone marrow transplant (allogeneic > autologous)
- solid organ transplantation rejection[3]
- total body irradiation
- cyclosporine
Pathology
- erythrocyte fragmentation
Laboratory
- direct antiglobulin test is negative
- peripheral smear -> schistocytes, helmet cells
- platelet count -> thrombocytopenia is common
Diagnostic procedures
Differential diagnosis
Management
- directed towards underlying disease[3]
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 414
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Schiller G, in: UCLA Intensive Course in Geriatric Medicine & Board Review, Marina Del Ray, CA, Sept 12-15, 2001
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16, 17, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012, 2015, 2018