motoric cognitive risk syndrome
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Classification
- classified as a type of mild cognitive impairment given cognitive complaints without dementia with the added feature of slow gait
Etiology
- risk factors
- polypharmacy identified in patients with motoric cognitive risk syndrome[5]
- personality risk factors*[6]
- neuroticism (RR=1.3)
- extroversion (RR=0.71)
- conscientiousness* (RR=0.70)
- openness (RR=0.77)
- agreeableness (RR=0.83)
* physical activity, depressive symptoms, & BMI partially accounted for personality trends[6]
* industriousness is the facet of conscientiousness with the strongest association[7]
Pathology
- a predementia syndrome
- association with inflammation as assessed with serum C-reactive protein & serum IL-6[8]
Clinical manifestations
- cognitive complaints
- slow gait
- older individuals without dementia or mobility disability
Complications
- increased risk for Alzheimer's disease & vascular dementia[3]
- risk for dementia stronger for motoric cognitive risk syndrome than either subjective memory complaint or slow gait speed alone[4]
- increased risk for falls in the elderly
- increased risk for movement disorder
- increased risk for disability[3]
- gait abnormalities predict disability, but not cognitive decline[9]
- subjective memory concerns & motoric cognitive risk syndrome associated with automoble collisions & near-miss traffic incidents independent from objective cognitive impairment[11]
Management
- addressing polypharmacy is a potentially modifiable risk factor[5]
More general terms
References
- ↑ Verghese J, Ayers E, Barzilai N et al Motoric cognitive risk syndrome. Neurology. 2014 Dec 9; 83(24): 2278-2284 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4277675
- ↑ Marquez I, Garcia-Cifuentes E, Velandia FR et al Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Prevalence and Cognitive Performance. A cross-sectional study. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2021 Dec 27;8:100162 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36778728 PMCID: PMC9904094 Free PMC article https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanam/article/PIIS2667-193X(21)00158-7/fulltext
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Xiang K, Liu Y, Sun L Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Recovery. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Feb 2;13:728799. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35185512 PMCID: PMC8847709 Free PMC article. Review.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Semba RD, Tian Q, Carlson MC, Xue QL, Ferrucci L. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome: Integration of two early harbingers of dementia in older adults. Ageing Res Rev. 2020 Mar;58:101022. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31996326 PMCID: PMC7697173 Free PMC article. Review.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 George CJ, Verghese J. Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome in Polypharmacy. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020 May;68(5):1072-1077. PMCID: PMC8083061 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32092166 Free PMC article.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Canada B, Terracciano A. Personality and Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020 Apr;68(4):803-808. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31880326 PMCID: PMC7156302 Free PMC article.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Terracciano A. Facets of conscientiousness and motoric cognitive risk syndrome. J Psychiatr Res. 2022 Jul;151:73-77. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35468428 PMCID: PMC9843494 Free PMC article.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Groeger JL, Ayers E, Barzilai N et al Inflammatory biomarkers and motoric cognitive risk syndrome: Multicohort survey. Cereb Circ Cogn Behav. 2022 Sep 13;3:100151. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36324399 PMCID: PMC9616385 Free PMC article.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Ayers E, Verghese J. Gait Dysfunction in Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;71(s1):S95-S103. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30909242 PMCID: PMC7764990 Free PMC article.
- ↑ Verghese J, Wang C, Bennett DA, Lipton RB, Katz MJ, Ayers E. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome and predictors of transition to dementia: A multicenter study. Alzheimers Dement. 2019 Jul;15(7):870-877. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31164315 PMCID: PMC6646063 Free PMC article.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Kurita S, Doi T, Harada K et al Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Traffic Incidents in Older Drivers in Japan. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(8):e2330475 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37624598 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2808754