pharmaceutical agents associated with constipation

Etiology

• prescription drugs
  • opiates
  • anticholinergic agents
    • tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline > nortriptyline)
    • phenothiazines
    • antihistamines
    • antispasmodics
  • antihypertensive agents
    • verapamil
    • furosemide
    • clonidine
  • ion exchange (bile) resins
  • sucralfate
  • sympathomimetics
  • amantadine
  • ganglionic blockers
  • vinca alkaloids
  • serotonin antagonists (5HT3-antagonists)
• contrast agents:
  • barium sulfate
• non-prescription drugs
  • antacids
  • aluminum hydroxide
  • calcium carbonate (also calcium supplements)
    • allegedly calcium citrate less constipating
  • iron supplements, ferrous sulfate
  • antidiarrheal agents
  • ibuprofen
  • chronic stimulant laxative use
    • phenolphthalein (Ex Lax, Correctol)
    • bisocodyl (Dulcolax)
    • Senna (Senokot)
    • Cascara

Additional terms

• opioid-induced constipation (OIC)