ephedrine
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Indications
- hypotension & shock
- hypotension during anesthesia
- unresponsive bronchospasm
- bronchitis, bronchial asthma
- temporary support of ventricular rate in bradycardia
Dosage
- adults:
- children:
Injection: 25 mg/mL (1 mL); 50 mg/mL (1 mL)
Pharmacokinetics
- well absorbed when given SC or IM
- duration of cardiac effect is 1 hour
- metabolized by liver
- eliminated in the urine
- 1/2life is 3 hours, prolonged with alkaline urine
elimination via kidney
1/2life = 3 hours
Adverse effects
- common (> 10%)
- less common (1-10%)
- painful urination, dizziness, dry mouth, tachycardia, headache, increased sweating, hypertension, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, palpitations, trembling, paleness, weakness
- uncommon (< 1%)
- chest pain, arrhythmias, dyspnea, anxiety, apprehension, fear, tension, agitation, excitation, irritability
- other[2]
- drug adverse effects of adrenergic receptor agonists
- drug adverse effects of beta-adrenergic receptor agonists
- drug adverse effects of analeptics
- drug adverse effects of alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists
- drug adverse effects of psychotropic agents
- drug adverse effects of sympathomimetic(s)
Drug interactions
- beta blockers antagonize the effects of ephedrine
- MAO inhibitors increase pressor effects & may result in hypertensive crisis
Mechanism of action
- stimulates both alpha & beta adrenergic receptors
- indirectly stimulates release of norepinephrine
- beta-1 agonist activity
- positive inotropic & chronotropic effects
- increases autorhythmicity
- beta-2 & alpha-1 agonist activity
- vasodilation or constriction
- increased systolic & diastolic blood pressure
- constriction of renal blood vessels
- beta-2 agonist activity relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
- CNS stimulation is similar to methamphetamine
- tachyphylaxis develops rapidly
More general terms
- beta-adrenergic receptor agonist
- alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist
- adrenergic neuron stimulant
- analeptic (CNS stimulant)
- vasoconstrictor agent or vasopressor
- amine
- aromatic compound
More specific terms
Additional terms
Component of
- acetaminophen/ephedrine/guaifenesin
- acetaminophen/chlorpheniramine/ephedrine/guaifenesin
- ephedrine/potassium iodide
- ephedrine/phenobarbital/potassium iodide/theophylline
- ephedrine/hydroxyzine/theophylline
- dyphylline/ephedrine/guaifenesin/phenobarbital
- carbetapentane/chlorpheniramine/ephedrine/phenylephrine
- ephedrine/guaifenesin
- chlorpheniramine/ephedrine/phenylephrine
- ephedra (ma huang)
References
- ↑ The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al eds, 1998
- ↑ Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug Formulary, 1998
- ↑ Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 3rd ed. Teitz ed., W.B. Saunders, 1995
Database
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5032
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=9294
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=9457
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=62946
- PubChem: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=71290