albuterol (Salbutamol, Ventolin, Proventil)
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Introduction
Tradenames: Ventolin, Proventil.
salbutamol is generic name is most other countries.[7]
FDA approves generic for Proventil April 2020[8]
Indications
- relief/prevention of bronchospasm in patients with obstructive airway disease & exercise-induced bronchospasm
Contraindications
Caution:
- use with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism or diabetes mellitus
Dosage
- nebulizer: 0.5 mL of 0.5% solution (2.5 mg) nebulized every 6 hours.
- inhaler (MDI): 2 puffs every 4-6 hours & just before exercise.
- oral:
Tabs: 2 & 4 mg. 100 tabs.
Extended release: 4 mg. 100 tabs.
Syrup: 2 mg/5 mL, as sulfate, alcohol & sugar-free (480 mL)
Aerosol:* 90 ug/metered dose (17 g) dry powder: Albuterol RespiClick 97 ug & ProAir Digihaler 108 ug per actuation[9][10]
Solution: for inhalation (nebulizer)
Pharmacokinetics
- onset of action:
- 5-15 minutes after oral inhalation
- within 30 minutes of oral administration of immediate- release tablets
- peak effect:
- within 30 minutes after oral inhalation
- within 2-3 hours after oral administration of immediate- release tablets
- duration of action
- 3-4 hours (occasionally 6 hours or longer) after oral inhalation
- 4-6 hours (occasionally 8 hours) after oral administration of immediate-release tablets
- up to 12 hours after administration of extended-release tablets[3]
elimination via liver
Adverse effects
- common (> 10%)
- dose-related reflex tachycardia, tremor & palpitation
- nausea/GI upset
- less common (1-10%)
- nervousness, CNS stimulation, hyperactivity, insomnia, dizziness, facial flushing, lightheadedness, drowsiness, headache, dry mouth, heartburn, vomiting, unusual taste, difficult urination, tremor, weakness, muscle cramps, cough, sweating
- uncommon (< 1%)
- other
- decreased serum K+ concentration (hypokalemia)
- may increase risk of myocardial infarction[4]
- drug adverse effects of adrenergic receptor agonists
- drug adverse effects of beta-adrenergic receptor agonists
- drug adverse effects of sympathomimetic(s)
Drug interactions
- beta blockers may antagonize effects
- MAO inhibitors potentiate cardiovascular effects
- tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) potentiate cardiovascular effects
- concurrent administration of other agents that may lower serum K+ may increase risk of hypokalemia
- drug interaction(s) of beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists with beta adrenergic receptor antagonists
- drug interaction(s) of beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists with loop diuretics
- drug interaction(s) of beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists with thiazide diuretics
Mechanism of action
- selective beta 2-adrenergic agonist that produces
- bronchodilation
- central and peripheral vasodilation
- uterine relaxation
- skeletal muscle stimulation
More general terms
More specific terms
Component of
References
- ↑ The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
- ↑ Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al eds, 1998
- ↑ Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug Formulary, 1998
- ↑ Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 Prescriber's Letter 9(6):33 2002
- ↑ Prescriber's Letter 13(5): 2006 Albuterol Inhaler Shortages Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=220514&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ Prescriber's Letter 14(11): 2007 How do HFA Inhalers Compare to CFC Inhalers? Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=231108&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ Jump up to: 7.0 7.1 Prescriber's Letter 15(7): 2008 Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=240701&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ Jump up to: 8.0 8.1 FDA News Release. April 8, 2020 FDA Approves First Generic of a Commonly Used Albuterol Inhaler to Treat and Prevent Bronchospasm. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-generic-commonly-used-albuterol-inhaler-treat-and-prevent-bronchospasm
- ↑ Jump up to: 9.0 9.1 Highlights of Prescribing Information PROAIR RESPICLICK inhalation powder https://hcp.proair.com/globalassets/proair-hcp/respiclick-pi.pdf
- ↑ Jump up to: 10.0 10.1 ProAir Digihaler. Daily Med. Food and Drug Administration. June 1, 2022 https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=667ce3ec-5217-4b10-b712-f3e54fbbf087