muscle cramp
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Etiology
- electrolyte imbalances
- diuretics
- corticosteroids
- emesis
- diarrhea
- poor diet
- anti-hyperlipidemic agents
- interferon alpha
- alcohol
- nocturnal leg cramps
- post-exertional
- hypothyroidism
- liver disease
- renal disease
- malignancy
- myasthenia gravis
Pathology
- painful, spasmodic muscular contraction, especially a tonic spasm
Laboratory
- electrolytes
- liver function tests
- renal function tests
- thyroid function tests
- serum creatine kinase
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- serum C-reactive protein
Management
- general measures
- treatment
- stretching
- pull up on toes to stretch gastrocnemius (leg cramp)
- gentle heat
- massage
- ice
- stretching
- prevention
- adequate hydration
- diet: water, K+, Ca+2, B vitamins
- stretching
- treatment
- specific measures for specific etiologies
- pharmaceutical agents
More general terms
More specific terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Dorland's Medical Dictionary, 23rd ed., WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1990
- ↑ Weiner SR. In: Intensive Course in Geriatric Medicine & Board Review, Marina Del Ray, CA, Sept 12-15, 2001
- ↑ Sohrabvand F et al, Vitamin B supplementation for leg cramps during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2006, 95:48 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16919630
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Katzberg HD et al Assessment: symptomatic treatment for muscle cramps (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2010 Feb 23;74(8):691-6. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20177124
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 El-Tawil S, Al Musa T, Valli H, Lunn MP, El-Tawil T, Weber M. Quinine for muscle cramps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Dec 8;(12):CD005044 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21154358