CD152 (cytotoxic T-cell protein 4-1, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated serine esterase-4, CTLA-4, CD152 antigen, CTLA4, CD152)
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Function
- role in T-cell activation
- interacts with CD80 & CD86 to down regulate T cell activation
- part of an immunological network that leads to tolerance
- ligands: CD80, CD86, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase protein tyrosine phsophatase 1D
Structure
Compartment
membrane
Expression
- widely expressed with highest levels in lymphoid tissues
Pathology
- activated T cells have two transcripts with alternative poly- adenylation sites, the longer transcript contains a repeated -AU- motif, the length of which varies between different individuals, leading to a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) which has been linked to various human autoimmune diseases
- genetic variation in CTLA4 influences susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus
- genetic variation in CTLA4 may be a cause of susceptibility to Graves disease
- genetic variation in CTLA4 is the cause of susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type 12
- genetic variation in CTLA4 is the cause of susceptibility to celiac disease type 3
- genetic variations in CTLA4 are associated with susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection
Pharmacology
- monoclonal antibody to CTLA4, ipilimumab (Yervoy), FDA-approved to treat metastatic melanoma
- monoclonal antibody to CTLA4, tremelimumab, in phase 3 clinical trials for treatment of metastatic melanoma
Comparative biology
- anti-CTLA4 therapy can result in development of antibodies to gut flora
- anti-CTLA4 therapy decreases numbers of Bacteroidales & Burkholderiales species & increases Clostridiales species in feces of mice
More general terms
References
- ↑ OMIM https://mirror.omim.org/entry/123890
- ↑ UniProt http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16410.html
- ↑ Protein Reviews on the Web http://mpr.nci.nih.gov/prow/guide/1686349937_g.htm
- ↑ http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/cdmarkers.html 20 May 2003
- ↑ Wikipedia; Note: CLTA-4 entry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTLA-4
- ↑ Vetizou M, Pitt JM, Daillere R et al Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota. Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1079-84 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26541610
Database
- UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P16410.html
- Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:1493
- OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/109100
- OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/123890
- OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/152700
- OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/212750
- OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/275000
- OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/601388