time-restricted eating; intermittent fasting; fasting-mimicking diet
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Clinical significance
- round-the-clock access to energy-dense food & lack of exercise perturbs the circadian clock
- eating > 12 hours/day may have harmful metabolic consequences
- time-restricted eating & exercise may have independent health benefits
- cardiovascular benefit of pesco-Mediterranean diet in connection with time-restricted eating[2]
- association between intermittent fasting & reduced cardiovascular disease is inconclusive[3]
- time-restricted eating added no benefit to a low calorie diet (equal calories) for weight reduction in obese patients[4][6]
- effects of time-restricted eating on weight reduction in obese patients is likely due to calorie restriction[12]
- intermittent fasting (8-10 hours/day) as effective as calorie-restriction for weight reduction[9]
- time-restricted eating more effective for losing weight (~5 lbs) & improving diastolic blood pressure & mood than eating over a window of >= 12 hours[5]
- intermittent fasting can lead to diabetes mellitus remission[7]
- may benefit patients with NAFLD & non-alcoholic steatohepatitis[8]
- time-restricted eating can reduce body weight -1.43 kg & fat mass -1.56 kg especially in overweight persons
- time-restricted eating may improve lipid profiles in overweight persons, including decreased serum triglycerides -12.71 mg/dL, total cholesterol -6.4 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol -7.0 mg/dL[10]
- time-restricted eating has no significant effects on waist circumference, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, or blood pressure[10]
- time-restricted eating is more effective for weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes than calorie restriction[11]
- no difference in time-restricted eating & calorie restriction in HgbA1c[11]
- fasting-mimicking diet: a plant-based, low-calorie & low-protein 5-day diet presumably monthly may lower biological age[13]
Notes
- intermittent fasting regimens include:
- alternate-day fasting
- fasting 2 days each week
- daily time-restricted eating*
More general terms
References
- ↑ Parr EB, Heilbronn LK, Hawley JA A Time to Eat and a Time to Exercise Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2020;48(1):4-10 (via Medscape) PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31688298 PMCID: PMC6948807 Free PMC article https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/923557
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 O'Keefe JH, orres-Acosta N, O'Keefe EL et al Pesco-Mediterranean Diet With Intermittent Fasting. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(12):1484-1493 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32943166 Free article
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Geriatric Review Syllabus, 11th edition (GRS11) Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2022
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Liu D, Huang Y, Huang C et al Calorie Restriction with or without Time-Restricted Eating in Weight Loss. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:1495-1504. April 15. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35443107 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114833
Laferrere B, Panda S. Calorie and time restriction in weight loss. N Engl J Med 2022 Apr 21; 386:1572. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35443112 https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMe2202821 - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Monaco K Restricting Eating to Certain Hours Bolsters Weight Loss. Trial participants lost an additional 5 lb versus those who didn't restrict their eating time. MedPage Today August 8, 2022 https://www.medpagetoday.com/endocrinology/obesity/100108
Jamshed H, Steger FL, Bryan DR et al Effectiveness of Early Time-Restricted Eating for Weight Loss, Fat Loss, and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Obesity. A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. Published online August 8, 2022. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35939311 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2794819 - ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lowe DA, Wu N, Rohdin-Bibby L et al Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight Loss and Other Metabolic Parameters in Women and Men With Overweight and Obesity. The TREAT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(11):1491-1499. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32986097 PMCID: PMC7522780 Free PMC article https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2771095
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Busko M Intermittent fasting can lead to type 2 diabetes remission. MDedge. Internal Medicine News. Dec 15, 2022 https://www.mdedge.com/internalmedicine/article/260167/diabetes/intermittent-fasting-can-lead-type-2-diabetes-remission
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Marjot T, Tomlinson JW, Hodson L, Ray DW Timing of energy intake and the therapeutic potential of intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating in NAFLD. Gut 2023 72(8): June 7 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37286229 Free article https://gut.bmj.com/content/72/8/1607
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lin S et al. Time-restricted eating without calorie counting for weight loss in a racially diverse population: A randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2023 Jul; 176:885. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37364268 https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-0052
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Zoler ML Time-Restricted Eating Gains for Weight and Glycemic Control. Medscape. August 3, 2023 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/995119
Liu L, Chen W, Wu D, Hu F. Metabolic Efficacy of Time-Restricted Eating in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Nov 25;107(12):3428-3441 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36190980 - ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Pavlou V, Cienfuegos S, Lin S et al Effect of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight Loss in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(10):e2339337. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37889487 PMCID: PMC10611992 Free PMC article https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2811116
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Maruthur NM, Pilla SJ, White K et al Effect of Isocaloric, Time-Restricted Eating on Body Weight in Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2024 Apr 19. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38639542 https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-3132
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Brandhorst S, Levine ME, Wei M et al Fasting-mimicking diet causes hepatic and blood markers changes indicating reduced biological age and disease risk. Nat Commun. 2024 Feb 20;15(1):1309 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38378685 PMCID: PMC10879164 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45260-9