hormonal contraception
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Introduction
Hormonal methods of contraception for women.
Includes:
- oral contraceptives
- transdermal hormonal patches, Ortho-Evra
- intramuscular hormonal injections, Depo-Provera
- prostestin implant
- intra-vaginal devices that release hormones, Nuva Ring
Indications
Contraindications
- women > 35 years of age who smoke > 15 cigarettes daily should not be prescribed estrogen-containing contraceptives[6][7]
- progrestin-only contraceptives for women > 35 years of age who smoke[6][7]
- avoid estrogen-containing contraceptive in women with migraine with aura (further increases stroke risk)[6]
- avoid estrogen/progrestone contraceptives in womwn with breat cancer, venous thromboembolism, uncontrolled hpertension, liver disease
Adverse effects
- see estrogen, progestin, oral contraceptive, Ortho-Evra, Depo-Provera, Nuva Ring
- associated with new-onset depression[10]
- accelerates HIV progression[3]
- increases risk of acquiring & transmitting HIV1 infection
- 2-fold risk
- injectable forms account for most of the increased risk[4]
- women living with HIV or at high risk of HIV can safely continue to use hormonal contraceptives to prevent pregnancy[5]
- small increase in risk of breast cancer[11]
- 68 vs 55 breast cancers per 100,000 person-years
Drug interactions
- anticonvulsants carbamezepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin & topiramate inactivate many forms of hormonal contraception[6]
Notes
- healthy women of reproductive age generally do not require pelvic examination or other studies prior to hormonal contraception[6]
- Oregon & California to allow pharmacists to prescribe hormonal contraceptives to women over age 18[9]
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Prescriber's Letter 13(8): 2006 Hormonal Contraception ... Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=220809&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ Prescriber's Letter 15(5): 2008 Hormonal Contraception in Older Women Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=240508&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Stringer EM et al HIV disease progression by hormonal contraceptive method: Secondary analysis of a randomized trial. AIDS 2009 Jul 17; 23:1377. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19448528
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Heffron R et al Use of hormonal contraceptives and risk of HIV-1 transmission: a prospective cohort study The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 4 October 2011 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21975269 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099%2811%2970247-X/abstract
Morrison CS and Nanda K Hormonal contraception and HIV: an unanswered question The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 4 October 2011 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21975268 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099%2811%2970254-7/fulltext - ↑ 5.0 5.1 News Release: Feb 16, 2012, World Health Organization (WHO) WHO upholds guidance on hormonal contraceptive use and HIV http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2012/contraceptives_20120216/en/index.html
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16, 17. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012, 2015
Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19 Board Basics. An Enhancement to MKSAP19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2022 - ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins-Gynecology. ACOG practice bulletin. No. 73: Use of hormonal contraception in women with coexisting medical conditions. Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jun;107(6):1453-72. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16738183
- ↑ Prescriber's Letter 20(3): 2013 COMMENTARY: Hormonal Contraception CHART: Comparison of Oral Contraceptives and Non-Oral Alternatives Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=290322&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Physician's First Watch, Jan 4, 2016 Oregon Pharmacists Can Prescribe Hormonal Contraception. David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH, Editor-in-Chief Massachusetts Medical Society http://www.jwatch.org
Malara M. UPI Home/Health News Oregon greenlights pharmacist-prescribed birth control. http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2016/01/02/Oregon-greenlights-pharmacist-prescribed-birth-control/3031451743659/ - ↑ 10.0 10.1 Skovlund CW, Morch LS, Kessing LV, Lidegaard O Association of Hormonal Contraception With Depression. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online September 28, 2016. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27680324 <Internet> http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2552796
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Morch LS, Skovlund CW, Hannaford PC et al Contemporary Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:2228-2239. Dec 7, 2017 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29211679 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1700732
Hunter DJ. Oral Contraceptives and the Small Increased Risk of Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:2276-2277. Dec 7, 2017 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29211666 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1709636 - ↑ Peachman RR Weighing the Risks and Benefits of Hormonal Contraception. JAMA. Published online February 28, 2018. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29490363 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2673941