contraceptive
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Introduction
An agent used for the prevention of conception.
Indications
Adverse effects
- estrogen-progestin & progestin-only contraceptives are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke &,to a lesser extent, myocardial infarction
- levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device is not associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction[3]
Notes
Effectiveness ranges from 48% (no method; chance alone) to 100% (vasectomy)[2]
any method is more cost-effective than chance alone[2]
estimated total cost (USA) of chance alone $4739[2]
methods with the lowest total cost & best cost-effectiveness
- copper IUD ($647)
- vasectomy ($713)
- levonorgestrel IUD ($930)
- male condoms ($1575)
- methods based on fertility awareness ($1892)
most costly & least cost-effective methods
- vaginal ring ($3158)
- oral contraceptives ($3381)
- transdermal patches ($3458)
More general terms
More specific terms
- cervical cap (Prentif)
- citric acid/lactic acid/potassium bitartrate (Phexxi, Evofem)
- condom
- contraceptive depot
- contraceptive implant
- diaphragm contraceptive
- hormonal contraceptive
- intrauterine contraceptive or device (IUD)
- Today contraceptive sponge
Component of
References
- ↑ Stedman's Medical Dictionary 26th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1995
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Trussell J et al Cost effectiveness of contraceptives in the United States. Contraception 2009 Jan; 79:5. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19041435
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Yonis H, Lokkegaard E, Kragholm K, et al. Stroke and myocardial infarction with contemporary hormonal contraception: real-world, nationwide, prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2025 Feb 12;388:e082801 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39938934 PMCID: PMC11816856 https://www.bmj.com/content/388/bmj-2024-082801.long