chloride (Cl-) in serum/plasma
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Reference interval
Principle
Clinical significance
- chloride is the major anion in the extracellular water space
- physiological significance is in maintaining proper body water distribution, osmotic pressure, & normal anion-cation balance in the extracellular fluid compartment
Increases
- also see hyperchloremia
- clinical disorders
- dehydration
- renal tubular acidosis
- acute renal failure
- diabetes insipidus
- metabolic acidosis associated with prolonged diarrhea & bicarbonate loss
- salicylate intoxication
- respiratory alkalosis
- hyperparathyroidism, primary (some cases)
- head injury with hypothalamic dysfunction
- adrenocortical hyperfunction
- excessive infusion of isotonic saline
- pharmaceutical agents:
Decreases
- also see hypochloremia
- clinical disorders
- excessive sweating
- prolonged vomiting from any cause
- gastric suction (persistent)
- persistent gastric secretion
- salt-losing nephritis
- Addisonian crisis
- metabolic acidosis with anion-gap
- hyperaldosteronism
- hypokalemia associated with metabolic alkalosis
- chronic respiratory acidosis
- cerebral salt wasting after head injury
- water intoxications & other syndromes of expanded extracellular fluid volume
- acute intermittent porphyria
- SIADH
- bromide intoxication
- congestive heart failure
- overhydration
- pharmaceutical agents:
- in vivo effects
Specimen
Interferences
More general terms
Additional terms
Component of
- chemistry 7 panel (Chem-7 SMA7)
- chemistry 8 panel (basic metabolic panel, BMP, basic chemistry panel)
- chemistry 8 panel with ionized calcium; basic metabolic panel (BMP) with ionized calcium
- chemistry 14 panel (comprehensive metabolic panel, CMP, chem 12, SMA12, SMA20)
- electrolytes in CSF
- electrolytes in serum
References
- ↑ Kodak Ektachem 700 Analyzer Operator's Manual, Kodak Clinical Products, Rochester, New York.
- ↑ Kodak Ektachem Slide Package Inserts, Kodak Clinical Products Rochester, New York.
- ↑ Kodak Ektachem Training Manual, Kodak Clinical Products, Rochester, New York.
- ↑ Clinical Diagnosis & Management by Laboratory Methods, 19th edition, J.B. Henry (ed), W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. 1996, pg 10.
- ↑ Chloride, Serum or Plasma Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0020003.jsp
- ↑ Panel of 11 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0020144.jsp
- ↑ Panel of 9 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0020399.jsp
- ↑ Panel of 15 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0020408.jsp
- ↑ Panel of 5 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0020410.jsp