dysarthria
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Introduction
A motor disorder that results in difficulty in motor speech mechanisms. Dysarthria does not necessarily mean aphasia.
Classification
- lower motor neuron dysarthria
- spastic dysarthria (rigid dysarthria)
- ataxic dysarthria
- acquired stuttering
Etiology
- strokes
- lacunar infarct: internal capsule, corona radiata, pons
- basilar artery occlusion
- cerebellar strokes
- dentate nucleus
- brachium conjunctivum
- cerebellar cortex pathology has no effect on dysarthria
- cerebral infarcts extending into the subinsular region[8]
- dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome
- neurodegenerative disorders
- parkinsonism[5]
- complication of gamma knife laser surgery
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontal lobe dysfunction[6]
- Huntington's disease[7]
- spinocerebellar ataxia[9]
- multiple sclerosis
- pseudobulbar palsy[10]
- progressive supranuclear palsy[11]
- Wilson's disease[12]
- corticobasal degeneration
- Creutzfeld-Jakob disease[16]
- Machado-Joseph disease[18]
- progressive bulbar palsy[20]
- Guillain-Barre syndrome[20]
- myasthenia gravis[20]
- Friedreich ataxia[21]
- parkinsonism[5]
- head trauma[17]
- infections
- borreliosis (case report)[3]
- diphtheria[20]
- poliomyelitis[20]
- food poisoning
- laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia)
Pathology
- defect in the muscular control of speech
- lips, tongue, palate, pharynx, larynx, respiratory muscles
- dependent upon
- motor cortex via corticobulbar tract controls speech
- extrapyramidal modulation by
- the central symbolic aspect of language is not affected by dysarthria, but may be affected by other pathology accompanying dysarthria
Clinical manifestations
- words may be nasal, slurred or indistinct
- inability to repeat 'tongue twisters' such as 'hippopotamus'
- manifestations frequently accompanying dysarthria
Radiology
Management
More general terms
More specific terms
- anarthria
- ataxic dysarthria (includes scanning dysarthria)
- fluency disorder
- lower motor neuron dysarthria
- spastic dysarthria (rigid dysarthria)
- stuttering; stammering
Additional terms
References
- ↑ nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov/hstat/ahcpr/
- ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 Robertson S, Int J Lang Commun Disord 36S:292, 2001
- ↑ Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 Gustaw K et al, Ann Agric Environ Med 8:95, 2001
- ↑ Devust G et al, Arch Neurol 59(4):567, 2002
- ↑ Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 Kempler D & Van Lanker D, Brain Lang 80(3):449, 200
- ↑ Jump up to: 6.0 6.1 Evdokimidis I et al, J Neurol Sci 195(1):25, 2002
- ↑ Jump up to: 7.0 7.1 Murgoid UA et al, J Neurol Sci 190:73, 2001
- ↑ Jump up to: 8.0 8.1 Eong EH et al Stroke 32(10):2272, 2001
- ↑ Jump up to: 9.0 9.1 Devos D et al, Neurology 56(2):234, 2001
- ↑ Jump up to: 10.0 10.1 Frank HG et al, Eur Neurol 44(2):126, 2000
- ↑ Jump up to: 11.0 11.1 Stanford PM et al, Brain 123:857, 2001
- ↑ Jump up to: 12.0 12.1 Spencer DC & Forno LS, Brain Pathol 10(2):315, 2000
- ↑ Jump up to: 13.0 13.1 Esposito SJ et al, J Prosthet Dent 83(1):90, 2000
- ↑ Frattali CM & Sonies BC, Adv Neurol 82:153, 2000
- ↑ Jump up to: 15.0 15.1 Tan EK et al, Neurology 53(9);2102, 1999
- ↑ Jump up to: 16.0 16.1 Spencer MD et al, BMJ 324:1479, 2002
- ↑ Jump up to: 17.0 17.1 Krays JK & Jankovic J, Neurosurgery 50(5):927, 2002
- ↑ Jump up to: 18.0 18.1 Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 135
- ↑ A Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, Barbara Bates et al (eds), 6th ed, JB Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1995
- ↑ Jump up to: 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 Principles of Neurology, 4th ed, Adams RD & Victor M (eds) McGraw-Hill, Inc, New York, 1989
- ↑ Jump up to: 21.0 21.1 Berciano J, Mateo I, De Pablos C, Polo JM, Combarros O. Friedreich ataxia with minimal GAA expansion presenting as adult-onset spastic ataxia. J Neurol Sci. 2002 Feb 15;194(1):75-82. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809170
- ↑ Jump up to: 22.0 22.1 Ruprecht K et al, Drsch Med Wochenschr 126:821, 2001