cholera
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Introduction
Severe diarrhea caused by infection with Vibrio cholera.
Epidemiology
Pathology
- incubation period 1-5 days
- enterotoxin stimulates secretion of Cl- from the small intestine
- CXCL17 up-regulated in duodenal mucosa during acute cholera
Clinical manifestations
- sudden onset, severe diarrhea
- abdominal cramps
- vomiting
- thirst
- oliguria
- hypotension
- tachycardia
Laboratory
- watery mucoid stools
- smear from stool contains Vibrio cholera organisms
- stool culture
- positive agglutinin tests
- serum chemistries
- diminished electrolytes
- increased urea nitrogen
- increased protein
- complete blood count (CBC): leukocytosis
Management
- hydration with electrolyte replacement
- disease is generally self-limited
- antibiotic therapy can hasten resolution
- tetracycline 2 g PO single dose*
- doxycycline 300 mg PO single dose*
- Bactrim 5 mg/kg (based on trimethoprim) PO BID for 3 days
- ampicillin
- fluoroquinolone
* adults & children > 8 years of age
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ DeGowin & DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination, 6th edition, RL DeGowin (ed), McGraw Hill, NY 1994, pg 874
- ↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998
- ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1994, pg 682
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 World Health Organization (WHO). 24 June 2017 Statement from UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake and WHO Director-General Margaret Chan on the cholera outbreak in Yemen as suspected cases exceed 200,000. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2017/Cholera-Yemen/en/
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 World Health Organization (WHO). 24 June 2017 Cholera count reaches 500 000 in Yemen. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/cholera-yemen-mark/en/