pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia

Etiology

• alcoholism
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae
• COPD
  • Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Legionella pneumophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• other lung disease (bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltohilia
• aspiration (seizure, neurologic impairment, loss of consciousness)
  • oral anaerobes, Enterobacteriaceae
• age >= 65 years
  • rhinovirus, influenza virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae
• post viral illness
  • Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes
• animal exposure
  • birds: Chlamydophila psittaci, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans
  • dogs: Bordetella bronchiseptica
  • cats: Pasteurella multocida
  • horses: Rhodococcus equi
  • rodents (feces): Hantavirus
  • rabbits: Francisella tularensis
  • farm animals or domestic pregnant animals
    • Coxiella burnetii, Brucella
• hot tub exposure
  • atypical mycobacteria (hypersensitivity pneumonitis), Legionella pneumophila
• geographic pathogens
  • Eastern U.S.A.: Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis
  • Southwestern U.S.A.: Coccidioides
  • Southeast Asia: Burkholderia pseudomallei, SARS, influenza virus
  • Middle East: MERS
• Seasonal (late fall, winter, early spring)
  • rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus

More general terms

• pathogen

Additional terms

• community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)