Mycobacterium
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Introduction
Aerobic, non-motile, acid alcohol fast, slightly curved or straight bacteria. Cell walls contain mycolic acids.
Etiology
- slow-growing
- rapidly growing
Epidemiology
- most non-tuberculous Mycobacterial infections occur in young adults & elderly persons
Pathology
- disseminated infection
- pulmonary infection
- M tuberculosis
- M avium complex (most common cause of chronic lung infection wordwide)
- M kansasii
- M abscessus
- M xenopi
- M malmoense
- superficial lymphadenitis (esp. cervical)
- skin infection & soft tissue infection
- M abscessus (surgery)
- M chelonae (surgery)
- M marinum
- M szulgai
- M fortuitum
- M ulcerans
- healthcare-associated infection
- M abscessus (surgery)
- M chelonae (surgery)
- M fortuitum
- M chimaera[3]
- spondylitis (Pott's disease)
- Addison's disease
- Commensals
Diagnostic criteria
- diagnostic criteria for diagnosing non-tuberculous Mycobacterial infection from colonization
- clinical & imaging
- pulmonary symptoms & abnormal chest imaging
- exclusion of other causes
- laboratory criteria
- isolation of Mycobacterium spp from 2 different sputum samples
- isolation of Mycobacterium spp from bronchoalveolar lavage
- positive acid fast bacteria &/or granulomatous disease on histopathology from lung tissue plus a positive Mycobacterial culture from lung tissue, sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage
- clinical & imaging
- consult infectious disease when in doubt[3]
Laboratory
- Mycobacterium DNA, Mycobacterium rRNA
- Mycobacterium identified in isolate
- Mycobacterium identified by culture
- blood culture for Mycobacterium
- M fortuitum, M chelonae & N abscessus are fast-growing Mycobacterium (< 7 days)[3]
- Mycobacterial susceptibility
Management
- see specific Mycobacterial species
More general terms
More specific terms
- Mycobacterium abscessus
- Mycobacterium asiaticum
- Mycobacterium avium-complex (MAC, Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, MAI)
- Mycobacterium bovis
- Mycobacterium chelonae
- Mycobacterium chimaera
- Mycobacterium flavescens
- Mycobacterium fortuitum
- Mycobacterium gastri
- Mycobacterium genovense
- Mycobacterium gordonae
- Mycobacterium group
- Mycobacterium haemophilium
- Mycobacterium haemophilum
- Mycobacterium kansasii
- Mycobacterium leprae
- Mycobacterium malmoense
- Mycobacterium marinum
- Mycobacterium mucogenicum
- Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
- Mycobacterium shimoidei
- Mycobacterium simiae
- Mycobacterium szulgai
- Mycobacterium terrae
- Mycobacterium triviale
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)
- Mycobacterium ulcerans
- Mycobacterium xenopi
- rapidly-growing Mycobacterium (RGM)
Additional terms
- Mycobacterium & acid-fast bacterium (AFB) culture
- Mycobacterium group-1
- Mycobacterium group-2
- Mycobacterium group-3
- Mycobacterium group-4
- mycolic acid
- susceptibility to mycobacterial disease
References
- ↑ Clinical Diagnosis & Management by Laboratory Methods, 19th edition, J.B. Henry (ed), W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. 1996, pg 1194
- ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16, 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012, 2015, 2018, 2021.
- ↑ Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA et al An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Apr 1;175(7):744-5 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17277290
- ↑ Jarzembowski JA, Young MB. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2008 Aug;132(8):1333-41 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18684037
- ↑ Piersimoni C, Scarparo C. Pulmonary infections associated with non-tuberculous mycobacteria in immunocompetent patients. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008 May;8(5):323-34. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18471777
- ↑ Tortoli E. Clinical manifestations of nontuberculous mycobacteria infections. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009 Oct;15(10):906-10 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19845702
- ↑ RUNYON EH. Anonymous mycobacteria in pulmonary disease. Med Clin North Am. 1959 Jan;43(1):273-90. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13612432
- ↑ Wentworth AB, Drage LA, Wengenack NL, Wilson JW, Lohse CM. Increased incidence of cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, 1980 to 2009: a population-based study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013 Jan;88(1):38-45. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23218797 Free PMC Article
- ↑ Guglielmetti L, Mougari F, Lopes A, Raskine L, Cambau E. Human infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria: the infectious diseases and clinical microbiology specialists' point of view. Future Microbiol. 2015;10(9):1467-83. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26344005