Graves ophthalmopathy; thyroid eye disease (TED)

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Epidemiology

Pathology

Clinical manifestations

* images[6]

Management

More general terms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009, 2012, 2015. 2018, 2022.
    Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19 Board Basics. An Enhancement to MKSAP19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2022
  2. 2.0 2.1 Marcocci C et al. Selenium and the course of mild Graves' orbitopathy. N Engl J Med 2011 May 19; 364:1920. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21591944 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1012985
  3. Bahn RS. Graves' ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med. 2010 Feb 25;362(8):726-38 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20181974
  4. Phelps PO, Williams K. Thyroid eye disease for the primary care physician. Dis Mon. 2014 Jun;60(6):292-8 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24906675
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Smith TJ, Hegedus L. Graves' Disease. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:1552-1565. October 20, 2016 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27797318 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1510030
  6. 6.0 6.1 Rothaus C Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease. NEJM Resident 360. Ja 22, 2020 https://resident360.nejm.org/clinical-pearls/teprotumumab-for-thyroid-eye-diseas

Patient information

Graves ophthalmopathy patient information