exophthalmos (proptosis)

Introduction

Proptosis of the globe of the eye out of the orbit.

Etiology

• bilateral:
  • thyrotoxicosis
  • myxedema
  • acromegaly
  • cavernous sinus thrombosis
  • empyema of paranasal sinuses
  • lymphoma
  • leukemia
  • oxycephaly
  • leontiasis ossium
  • histiocytosis
    • Hand Schuller-Christian disease
    • Letterer-Siwe disease
  • hyperpituitarism
• unilateral
  • mucocele
  • orbital cellulitis or abscess
  • cavernous sinus thrombosis
  • orbital periostitis
  • thyrotoxicosis
  • myxedema
  • orbital fracture
  • hemangioma
  • meningocele
  • encephalocele
  • gumma
  • orbital neoplasm
  • granuloma
    • tuberculosis
    • aspergillosis
  • arteriovenous aneurysm
  • histiocytosis: Hand Schuller-Christian disease

Radiology

• X-ray of orbit
• CT of orbit

More general terms

• sign/symptom
• orbital disease

Additional terms

• blepharoptosis; ptosis; lid lag
• enophthalmos