ophthalmology; ophthalmological service

Indications

• eye disease
• visual pathway disorders
• visual cortex disorders
• clinical manifestations of eye disease
  • eye pain
  • visual impairment
  • Kayser-Fleischer ring
  • Soemmering's ring
  • red eye
  • nystagmus
  • Argyl-Robertson pupil
  • Marcus-Gunn pupil
  • amblyopia
  • drusen
  • anisocoria
  • astigmatism
  • mydriasis or miosis
• diseases affecting the eye
  • Grave's disease
  • Sjogren's syndrome
  • cranial nerve palsy
    • cranial nerve III palsy
    • cranial nerve IV palsy
    • cranial nerve VI palsy
• papilledema due to elevated intraocular pressure
• eyelid disease
• eye surgery
• high risk individuals (dilated exam every 1-2 years)
  • retinal detachment
  • serious ocular trauma
  • diabetes mellitus
  • sickle cell disease

Procedure

Ophthalmologic examination:

• visual acuity testing & refraction
• external examination (including motility & alignment)
• intraocular pressure measurement (tonometry)
• pupillary examination
• slit-lamp examination
• dilated ophthalmoscopy* (funduscopy)

* Use 2.5% phenylephrine as mydriatic unless ophthalmologist

Management

• indications for urgent/emergent ophthalmology consultation
  • acute angle closure glaucoma
  • acute vision loss
  • central retinal vascular occlusion
  • corneal ulceration
  • endophthalmitis
  • Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
  • optic neuritis
  • orbital cellulitis
  • retinal detachment
  • scleritis
  • trauma to globe or lid
  • uveitis

More general terms

• medical specialty

Additional terms

• eye
• eye disease (ophthalmopathy)
• ophthalmologist
• ophthalmoscopy
• optometry (eye examination)
• visual function
• visual impairment