neurologic disease

Epidemiology

• 1 in 2 women & 1 in 3 men will develop dementia, stroke or parkinsonism during their life

Differential diagnosis

• central nervous system disease
  • onset: sudden (stroke), gradual (brain neoplasm)
  • weakness: entire entremity, unilateral or with pyramidal pattern
  • no atrophy or mild if related to underlying disease
  • no fasiculations
  • spasticity or normal tone
  • sensory loss unilateral or entire limb
  • numbness more comon than paresthesia, dysethesia, allodynia
  • dissociation of pain/temperature & vibration/proprioception possible with brain &/or spinal cord lesions
  • deep tendon reflexes increased
  • pathologic reflexes including Babinski sign, Hoffman sign, jaw jerk, snout reflex & clonus
  • headache, seizures, visual impairment, language impairment
  • EMG: normal*
• peripheral nervous system disease
  • onset: subacute or insidious
  • weakness: focal in territory of affected nerve, nerve root or plexus or generalized
  • atropy
  • fasiculations
  • decreased or normal tone
  • sensory loss: focal in territory of affected nerve, nerve root or plexus or stocking glove in distribution
  • paresthesia, dysethesia, allodynia more common than numbness
  • pain/temperature & vibration/proprioception travel together
  • deep tendon reflexes decreased or normal
  • no pathologic reflexes
  • cramps
  • EMG: abnormal*

* EMG: increased activity with lower motor neuron lesion; normal with upper motor neuron lesion

More general terms

• disease

More specific terms

• acute neurologic illness of unknown etiology
• acute neurologic illness with limb paralysis; acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)
• aganglionosis
• alien limb
• autonomic dysfunction (dysautonomia)
• axonopathy
• central nervous system (CNS) disease
• cerebritis
• CHASERR deletion
• chronic neurologic disease
• cranial nerve disease (cranial neuropathy)
• de Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome (xerodermic idiocy)
• dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica; Ramsay-Hunt syndrome type 1; Ramsay-Hunt cerebellar syndrome
• encephalopathy
• HIV1/AIDS-associated neurologic disorder
• motor dysfunction
• nervous system infection
• nervous system malformation
• nervous system neoplasm
• neurocristopathy
• neurodegenerative disease
• neuroinflammatory disease
• neuromuscular disease; myoneural disease
• neuronal degeneration
• palsy
• paralysis
• peripheral nervous system (CNS) disease
• posterior column ataxia with retinitis pigmentosa (PCARP)
• quadriparesis

Additional terms

• neurologic sign/symptom; neurologic deficit