neurologic disease
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Epidemiology
- 1 in 2 women & 1 in 3 men will develop dementia, stroke or parkinsonism during their life[2]
- nervous system disorders impact > 1/2 of U.S. population making neurologic & cognitive disorders leading causes of disability & loss of health[3]
Differential diagnosis
- central nervous system disease
- onset: sudden (stroke), gradual (brain neoplasm)
- weakness: entire entremity, unilateral or with pyramidal pattern
- no atrophy or mild if related to underlying disease
- no fasiculations
- spasticity or normal tone
- sensory loss unilateral or entire limb
- numbness more comon than paresthesia, dysethesia, allodynia
- dissociation of pain/temperature & vibration/proprioception possible with brain &/or spinal cord lesions
- deep tendon reflexes increased
- pathologic reflexes including Babinski sign, Hoffman sign, jaw jerk, snout reflex & clonus
- headache, seizures, visual impairment, language impairment
- EMG: normal*
- peripheral nervous system disease
- onset: subacute or insidious
- weakness: focal in territory of affected nerve, nerve root or plexus or generalized
- atropy
- fasiculations
- decreased or normal tone
- sensory loss: focal in territory of affected nerve, nerve root or plexus or stocking glove in distribution
- paresthesia, dysethesia, allodynia more common than numbness
- pain/temperature & vibration/proprioception travel together
- deep tendon reflexes decreased or normal
- no pathologic reflexes
- cramps
- EMG: abnormal*
* EMG: increased activity with lower motor neuron lesion; normal with upper motor neuron lesion
More general terms
More specific terms
- acute neurologic illness of unknown etiology
- acute neurologic illness with limb paralysis; acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)
- aganglionosis
- alien limb
- autonomic dysfunction (dysautonomia)
- axonopathy
- central nervous system (CNS) disease
- cerebritis
- CHASERR deletion
- chronic neurologic disease
- cranial nerve disease (cranial neuropathy)
- de Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome (xerodermic idiocy)
- dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica; Ramsay-Hunt syndrome type 1; Ramsay-Hunt cerebellar syndrome
- encephalopathy
- HIV1/AIDS-associated neurologic disorder
- motor dysfunction
- nervous system infection
- nervous system malformation
- nervous system neoplasm
- neurocristopathy
- neurodegenerative disease
- neuroinflammatory disease
- neuromuscular disease; myoneural disease
- neuronal degeneration
- palsy
- paralysis
- peripheral nervous system (CNS) disease
- posterior column ataxia with retinitis pigmentosa (PCARP)
- quadriparesis
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015, 2018
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Licher S, Darweesh SKL, Wolters FJ et al. Lifetime risk of common neurological diseases in the elderly population. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018 Oct 2 PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30279211 https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/early/2018/08/26/jnnp-2018-318650
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ney JP, Steinmetz JD, Anderson-Benge E et al US Burden of Disorders Affecting the Nervous System: From the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study. JAMA Neurol. 2025 Nov 24:e254470. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41284264 PMCID: PMC12645399 Free PMC article. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12645399/