carbachol; carbacholine; carbamylcholine (Isopto Carbachol, Miostat)
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Introduction
Tradenames: Isopto Carbachol, Miostat.
Indications
Contraindications
- acute iritis
- inflammation of the anterior chamber
Dosage
- ophthalmic: 1-2 drops QID PRN
- intraocular: 0.5 mL instilled into anterior chamber before or after securing sutures
Intraocular (Miostat) 0.01% (1.5 mL)
Ophthalmic (Isopto Carbachol) 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, 3% (15 mL)
Pharmacokinetics
- miosis occurs in 10-20 minutes
- duration of action 4-8 hours
- maximal reduction of intraocular pressure within 4 hours
Adverse effects
- not common (1-10%)
- uncommon (< 1%)
- headache, ciliary spasm with temporary loss of visual acuity, corneal clouding, persistent bullous keratopathy, postoperative keratitis, retinal detachment, transient ciliary & conjunctival injection, transient hypotension, asthma, increased peristalsis, stomach cramps, diarrhea
Mechanism of action
- acetylcholine analog with relatively more nicotinic receptor agonist activity & less muscarinic receptor agonist activity than acetylcholine[3]
- direct-acting cholinergic agent that causes miosis
- reduction of intraocular pressure
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al eds, 1998
- ↑ Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug Formulary, 1998
- ↑ Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill pg 143