high mobility group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y; HMG-I(Y); high mobility group AT-hook protein 1; high mobility group protein A1; high mobility group protein R (HMGA1 HMGIY)

Function

• HMG-I/Y bind preferentially to the minor groove of A+T rich regions in double stranded DNA
• it is suggested that these proteins could function in nucleosome phasing & in the 3'-end processing of mRNA transcripts
• role in transcription regulation of genes containing, or in close proximity to A+T-rich regions
• constitutively phosphorylated on two or three sites
• phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR
• hyperphosphorylated at early stages of apoptosis, followed by dephosphorylation & methylation, which coincides with chromatin condensation
• isoform HMG-Y can be phosphorylated by HIPK2
• HMG-Y is not methylated
• interacts with HIPK2 (putative)

Structure

• belongs to the HMGA family
• contains 3 A.T hook DNA-binding domains

Compartment

nucleus

Alternative splicing

named isoforms=3; HMGA1a, HMGA1b, HMGA1c

Pathology

• interacts with HIV-1 pre-integration complex
• chromosomal translocation t(6;14)(p21;q23-24) involving HMGA1 with RAD51L1 is found in pulmonary chondroid hamartoma

More general terms

• high-mobility group [HMG] protein
• DNA-binding protein
• nonhistone chromosomal protein
• phosphoprotein

Database

• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=3159
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:3159
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/600701
• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P17096.html