KIN, antigenic determinant of recA protein homolog (protein KIN homolog, binding to curved DNA, KIN, BTCD, KIN17)
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Function
- role in DNA replication & cellular response to DNA damage
- creates a bridge between DNA replication & DNA repair mediated by high molecular weight complexes
- role in illegitimate recombination & regulation of gene expression
- role in mRNA processing
- binds double-stranded DNA in vitro
- binds preferentially to curved DNA in vitro & in vivo
- binds to RNA via its C-terminal domain in vitro
- interacts with SV40 large T antigen
- associated with DNA polymerase alpha, RFC1 & cyclin A, in multiprotein DNA replication complexes
- associates with replication origins at G1/S phase boundary & throughout the S phase in vivo
Structure
- contains 1 C2H2-type zinc finger
- C-terminal domain (268-393) is organized into 2 subdomains that bear structural similarities to SH3-like domains both subdomains adopt a similar 5-stranded beta-barrel-like fold & are connected to each other by a short linker of 5 residues the 5 beta-sheets (folds) are packed at approximately right angles against each other a highly conserved groove formed at the interface between the 2 subdomains, comprised of Lys residues 302 & 391 & other positively charged residues, may possibly be the site of RNA-binding
Compartment
- nucleus, cytoplasm
- during S phase, strongly associated with the nuclear matrix, & to chromosomal DNA in the presence of DNA damage
- cytoplasmic localization in elongated spermatids
Expression
- ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined
- highest levels in skeletal muscle, heart, testis
- highly expressed in proliferating epithelial keratinocytes in vitro
- induced by UVC irradiation in quiescent primary fibroblasts & by mitomycin C in human melanoma MeWO cells
Pathology
- recognized by antibodies directed against the RecA protein
- differentially expressed in non-tumorigenic & tumorigenic cell lines