apraxia

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Introduction

A disorder of learned movement (praxis) unexplained by deficits in strength, coordination, sensation, or comprehension.

Classification

* most common form

Etiology

Pathology

Procedure

Brief assessment:

  • pantomime use of a toothbrush, comb, hammer &/or scissors with each hand
  • patients with apraxia fail the test altogether or may susbtitute their hand for the object (i.e. placing their finger in their mouth for 'toothbrush')

Praxis battery:

  • buccofacial
    • use of objects
      • blow out match
      • suck on straw
      • sniff flowers
    • symbolic gestures
    • other
  • upper limb
  • use of objects
    • brush teeth
    • comb hair
    • flip coin
    • cut paper
    • hammering
    • sawing
    • turn knob
  • symbolic gestures
    • salute
    • wave
    • hitchhike
    • thumbs-up sign
    • make a fist
    • 'stop' sign
    • 'V' sign
    • beckon
  • other
  • lower limb
  • use of objects
    • kick ball
    • put out cigarette
  • symbolic gestures
  • whole body
    • use of objects
      • swing bat
      • sweep
    • symbolic gestures
      • bow
      • stand like a boxer
    • other
      • stand or sit
      • turn around

Management

  • physical therapy &/or occupational therapy
  • identify & treat underlying disorder
  • prognosis is variable
    • with therapy, some patients improve significantly
    • others show very little improvement with therapy

More general terms

More specific terms

Additional terms

References

  1. nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov/hstat/ahcpr/
  2. Cummings, Hospital Practice, May 1993, pg 56-68
  3. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, Osterweil et al eds, McGraw Hill, New York, 2000, pg 81
  4. Wikipedia: Apraxia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apraxia
  5. 5.0 5.1 MedlinePlus: Apraxia http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007472.htm
  6. WebMD Apraxia: Symptoms, Causes, Tests, Treatments http://www.webmd.com/brain/apraxia-symptoms-causes-tests-treatments
  7. NINDS Apraxia Information Page https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Apraxia-Information-Page

Patient information

apraxia patient information