bioterrorism
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Introduction
The intentional release of pathogen(s) for the purpose of harming of killing civilians. [1]
Classification
- class A*
- Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
- anthrax spores are easily dispersed by aerosolization
- infective spores may be sent through the mail[1]
- aerosolized release of Bacillus anthracis spores over densely populated areas could result in mass-casualty[15]
- plague (Yersinia pestis)
- smallpox (Variola virus)
- effectively eradicated worldwide
- Variola virus exists only in a few laboratory respositories
- aerosol dissemination of virus obtained from laboratory respository
- botulism (Clostridium botulinum)
- aerosol dissemination
- food-borne botulism
- contamination of water supply unlikely
- tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
- aerosol dissemination
- serologic diagnosis cannot be made in timely manner
- Francisella tularensis DNA on tissue specimens
- viral hemorrhagic fever[1]
- Flaviviridae
- yellow fever
- dengue
- tick-borne flavivirus
- Filoviridae
- Arenaviridae
- Lassa fever
- South American hemorrhagic fevers
- Bunyaviridae
- Rift Valley fever
- Hantavirus
- Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever
- hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
- intensive supportive care is the primary treatment
- Flaviviridae
- Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
- class B*
- class C
* class A: greatest potential danger, easily disseminated or person to person spread, high mortality
* class B: less easily spread, fewer deaths
* class C: future ability to engineer for mass dissemination with substantial mortality
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16, 17, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012, 2015, 2018.
- ↑ Arnon SS, Schechter R, Inglesby TV Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA. 2001 Feb 28;285(8):1059-70. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11209178
- ↑ Borchardt SM, Ritger KA, Dworkin MS. Categorization, prioritization, and surveillance of potential bioterrorism agents. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2006 Jun;20(2):213-25 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16762736
- ↑ Borio L, Inglesby T, Peters CJ, Schmaljohn AL et al Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: medical and public health management. JAMA. 2002 May 8;287(18):2391-405. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988060
- ↑ Breman JG, Henderson DA. Diagnosis and management of smallpox. N Engl J Med. 2002 Apr 25;346(17):1300-8. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923491
- ↑ Bush LM, Abrams BH, Beall A, Johnson CC. Index case of fatal inhalational anthrax due to bioterrorism in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 29;345(22):1607-10 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11704685
- ↑ Dennis DT, Inglesby TV, Henderson DA Tularemia as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA. 2001 Jun 6;285(21):2763-73 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11386933
- ↑ Inglesby TV, Dennis DT, Henderson DA Plague as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. Working Group on Civilian Biodefense. JAMA. 2000 May 3;283(17):2281-90. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10807389
- ↑ Inglesby TV, O'Toole T, Henderson DA et al Anthrax as a biological weapon, 2002: updated recommendations for management. JAMA. 2002 May 1;287(17):2236-52. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11980524
- ↑ Adalja AA, Toner E, Inglesby TV. Clinical Management of Potential Bioterrorism-Related Conditions. N Engl J Med. 2015 Mar 5;372(10):954-962. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25738671
- ↑ Bower WA et al Clinical Framework and Medical Countermeasure Use During an Anthrax Mass-Casualty Incident. MMWR. Recommendations and Reports Dec 4, 2015 / 64(RR04);1-28 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6404a1.htm
- ↑ Christian MD. Biowarfare and bioterrorism. Crit Care Clin. 2013 Jul;29(3):717-56. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23830660
- ↑ Chung S, Baum CR, Nyquist AC DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ADVISORY COUNCIL, COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES. Chemical-Biological Terrorism and Its Impact on Children. Pediatrics. Jan 20, 2020 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31988169 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31988168 https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2020/01/23/peds.2019-3749
Technical report https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2020/01/23/peds.2019-3750 - ↑ http://www.bt.cdc.gov
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Bioterrorism and Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM): What the Public Needs To Know http://nccam.nih.gov/health/alerts/bioterrorism/