plague

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[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

Etiology

infection with Yersinia pestis

Epidemiology

  • more prevalent in New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado & California than other states
  • great plague of Europe 1400-1600 killing 25% of population
  • spread from wild rodents & occasionally cats either directly or by fleas
  • primarily a disease of rodents
  • pneumonic plague is transmitted through aerosolized Yersinia pestis or person-to-person transmission via respiratory droplets[4]
  • 10-15 cases in USA annually[6]
  • outbreak of 4 cases in June & July of 2014 in Colorado origating from an infected dog[8]
  • 11 cases April-August 2015 in Arizona, California, Colorado, Georgia, New Mexico, & Oregon

Clinical manifestations

Laboratory

Radiology

Complications

  • pneumonic plague is 100% lethal if not treated within 24 hours

Differential diagnosis

Management

Notes

  • potential agent of bioterrorism[7]
  • British nursery rhyme[15]
    • ring around the rosy rash, was a symptom of the plague
    • posies of herbs were carried as protection and to ward off the smell of disease
    • A-tishoo! A-tishoo! sneezing a final fatal symptom
    • 'all fall down' was exactly what happened[15]

More general terms

Additional terms

References

  1. ↑ Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 798-99
  2. ↑ Stedman's Medical Dictionary 26th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1995
  3. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Human plague--four states, 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 Sep 1;55(34):940-3. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16943764
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15, 16. 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009, 2012, 2018, 2021.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 FDA News Release: April 27, 2012 FDA approves new antibacterial treatment for plague http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm302220.htm
    FDA News Release. May 8, 2015 FDA approves additional antibacterial treatment for plague http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm446283.htm
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Prentice MB, Rahalison L. Plague. Lancet. 2007 Apr 7;369(9568):1196-207. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17416264
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Inglesby TV, Dennis DT, Henderson DA Plague as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. Working Group on Civilian Biodefense. JAMA. 2000 May 3;283(17):2281-90. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10807389
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Runfola JK, House J, Miller L et al Outbreak of Human Pneumonic Plague with Dog-to-Human and Possible Human-to-Human Transmission - Colorado, June-July 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 May 1;64(16):429-34. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25928467
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Foster CL, Mould K, Reynolds P et al Sick as a Dog N Engl J Med 2015; 372:1845-1850. May 7, 2015 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25946284 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcps1411346
  10. ↑ Kwit N et al Human Plague - United States, 2015 MMWR. August 25, 2015 / 64(Early Release);1-2 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm64e0825a1.htm
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Harmon J, Kapitanyan R Poisoning Clues on the Skin: 10 Cases Medscape. April 6, 2017 http://reference.medscape.com/features/slideshow/acutepoisonings
  12. ↑ NEJM JWatch Editors. Arizona Fleas Test Positive for Plague Physician's First Watch, Aug 16,2017 David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH, Editor-in-Chief Massachusetts Medical Society http://www.jwatch.org
  13. ↑ Plague https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/plague
  14. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Plague Home Page http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/plague/
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Wikipedia: Ring a Ring o' Roses https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_a_Ring_o%27_Rosess

Patient information

plague patient information

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