Mitragyna speciosa; kratom

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[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]

Introduction

banned by the FDA in 2014. Recommended for classication as DEA class I.

Uses

Epidemiology

  • grows naturally in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, & Papua New Guinea[4]
  • may be contaminated with Salmonella March 2018[6]
    • Triangle Pharmanaturals refused to cooperate with FDA despite repeated attempts to encourage voluntary recall[6]
  • calls to U.S. poison control centers regarding exposure to kratom increased over 50-fold from 2011 to 2017[10]

Contraindications

Dosage

Adverse effects

Mechanism of action

Notes

More general terms

References

  1. ↑ FDA News Release. January 6, 2016 US Marshals seize dietary supplements containing kratom http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm480344.htm
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Anwar M, Law R, Schier J. Notes from the Field. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Exposures Reported to Poison Centers - United States, 2010-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65:748-749 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6529a4.htm
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Clopton J. Medscape. Sep 28, 2016. What Is Kratom? Why Does the DEA Want to Ban It? http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/869404
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 FDA News & Events. Nov 14, 2017 FDA and Kratom. https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm584952.htm
    FDA Statement. Nov 14, 2017 Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D. on FDA advisory about deadly risks associated with kratom. https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm584970.htm
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Brooks M Kratom Now an Opioid, FDA Says. Medscape - Feb 06, 2018. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/892375
    FDA Statement. Feb 6, 2018 Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on the agency's scientific evidence on the presence of opioid compounds in kratom, underscoring its potential for abuse. https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm595622.htm
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella I 4,[5],12:b:- Infections Linked to Kratom. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/kratom-02-18/index.html
    Ault A Kratom-Related Salmonella Outbreak Spreads to 35 States. Medscape - Mar 16, 2018. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/894040
    FDA News Release. April 3, 2018 FDA orders mandatory recall for kratom products due to risk of salmonella. https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm603517.htm
  7. ↑ Eldridge WB, Foster C, Wyble L Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Due to Maternal Kratom Use. Pediatrics. November 2018 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30404789 <Internet> http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2018/11/05/peds.2018-1839
  8. ↑ Swetlitz I HHS recommended that the DEA make kratom a Schedule I drug, like LSD or heroin. STAT. Nov 9 2018 https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 FDA Statement. Nov, 27, 2018 Statement by FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on risk of heavy metals, including nickel and lead, found in some kratom products. https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm626738.htm
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Post S, Spiller HA, Chounthirath T, Smith GA. Kratom exposures reported to United States poison control centers: 2011-2017 Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2019 Feb 20:1-8 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30786220 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Collar AL, Barrett ED. Kratom: An Emerging Issue for Research and Physician Education. Ann Intern Med. 2024 Aug 13. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39133928
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