neonatal abstinence syndrome; neonatal drug withdrawal syndrome
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Introduction
A group of disorders that occur in newborns exposed to drugs causing drug dependence.
Etiology
- opioid-exposed infants shortly after birth
- concurrent use of psychotropics & opiates during pregnancy may further increased risk[5]
Epidemiology
- 1.5 per 1000 hospital births in 1999
- 6.0 per 1000 in 2013
- 0.7 per 1000 in Hawaii
- 33.4 per 1000 in West Virginia[3]
Clinical manifestations
Management
- placing child in quiet, dark environment[6]
- drug therapy indicated only if initial nonpharmacologic measures fail[6]
- treatment with sublingual buprenorphine (every 8 hours) rather than oral morphine (every 4 hours) results in a shorter treatment duration & hospital stay[4]
More general terms
References
- ↑ Tolia VN et al Increasing Incidence of the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in U.S. Neonatal ICUs. N Engl J Med. April 26, 2015 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25913111 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1500439
- ↑ Hamdan AH and Rosenkrantz T eMedicine. Neonatal abstinence syndrome. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/978763-overview
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ko JY, Patrick SW, Tong VT, Patel R, Lind JN, Barfield WD. Incidence of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome - 28 States, 1999- 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65:799-802 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6531a2.htm
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kraft WK, Adeniyi-Jones SC, Chervoneva I et al Buprenorphine for the Treatment of the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. N Engl J Med. May 4, 2017 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28468518 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1614835
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Huybrechts KF et al Risk of neonatal drug withdrawal after intrauterine co-exposure to opioids and psychotropic medications: cohort study. BMJ 2017;358:j3326 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768628 Free PMC Article <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/358/bmj.j3326
Patrick SW et al Prescribing opioids and psychotropic drugs in pregnancy BMJ 2017;358:j3616 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768614 Free PMC Article <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/358/bmj.j3616 - ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 NEJM Knowledge + Question of the Week. Oct 16, 2018 https://knowledgeplus.nejm.org/question-of-week/4600/
- ↑ Kocherlakota P. Neonatal abstinence syndrome. Pediatrics 2014 Aug; 134:e547. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25070299
- ↑ Sarkar S, Donn SM. Management of neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonatal intensive care units: a national survey. J Perinatol 2006 Jan 1; 26:15. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16355103
- ↑ PubMed Health. Neonatal abstinence syndrome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004566/