innocent murmur
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Etiology
- mammary souffle
- cervical venous hum
- heart murmurs of pregnancy
- result from increased intravascular volume
- fever
- anemia
- hyperthyroidism
- Still murmur
Clinical manifestations
- patient is asymptomatic
- typically midsystolic, located at base of heart, grade 1-3/6 without radiation
- normal splitting of S2, normal intensity of A2
- soft S3 may be present[3]
- audible along the right upper sternal border[3]
- heart murmurs of pregnancy
- may mimic valvular heart disease
- increased P2, S3
- early peaking systolic murmur over the left sternal border
- S4 >= 3/6 in intensity & fixed S2 are signs of serious cardiac disease
Diagnostic procedures
- transthoracic echocardiogram not needed
- murmur should not be of sufficient intensity
More general terms
More specific terms
References
- ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Companion Handbook, Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1995, pg 327-28
- ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 199
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 14, 16, 17 American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2006, 2012, 2015
- ↑ What Is a Heart Murmur? http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/heartmurmur/hmurmur_what.html