heart murmur

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Classification

  • grade 1: faint murmur, heard with difficulty
  • grade 2: faint murmer, easily identified
  • grade 3: moderately loud murmur
  • grade 4: loud murmur associated with palpable thrill
  • grade 5: very loud murmur, cannot be heard without stethocope
  • grade 6: loudest murmurs, can be heard without stethocope[3]

Etiology

Clinical manifestations

Diagnostic procedures

More general terms

More specific terms

References

  1. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Companion Handbook, Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1995, pg 327-28
  2. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 199
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 14, 16, 17, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2006, 2012, 2015, 2018.
  4. Etchells E, Bell C, Robb K. Does this patient have an abnormal systolic murmur? JAMA. 1997 Feb 19;277(7):564-71. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9032164
  5. Premkumar P. Utility of Echocardiogram in the Evaluation of Heart Murmurs. Med Clin North Am. 2016 Sep;100(5):991-1001. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27542419
  6. What Is a Heart Murmur? http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/heartmurmur/hmurmur_what.html

Patient information

heart murmur patient information