continuous murmur
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Etiology
- patent ductus arteriosus
- coarctation of the aorta (occasional)
- AV fistula, coronary or systemic
- aortopulmonary septal defect
- ruptured aneurysm in the sinus of Valsalva
- proximal coronary artery stenosis
- anomalous left coronary artery
- pulmonary artery branch stenosis
- bronchial collateral circulation
- small (restrictive) atrial septal defect with mitral stenosis
- intercostal AV fistula
- cervical venous hum
- mammary souffle
Clinical manifestations
Diagnostic procedures
- transthoracic echocardiogram (all)[3]
- transesophageal echocardiogram
- improved imaging quality, especially for mitral valve
More general terms
More specific terms
References
- ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Companion Handbook, Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1995, pg 327-28
- ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 199
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 14, 17, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2006, 2015, 2018.
- ↑ What Is a Heart Murmur? http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/heartmurmur/hmurmur_what.html